The multinomial logit model revisited: A semi-parametric approach in discrete choice analysis

The multinomial logit model in discrete choice analysis is widely used in transport research. It has long been known that the Gumbel distribution forms the basis of the multinomial logit model. Although the Gumbel distribution is a good approximation in some applications such as route choice problems, it is chosen mainly for mathematical convenience. This can be restrictive in many other scenarios in practice. In this paper we show that the assumption of the Gumbel distribution can be substantially relaxed to include a large class of distributions that is stable with respect to the minimum operation. The distributions in the class allow heteroscedastic variances. We then seek a transformation that stabilizes the heteroscedastic variances. We show that this leads to a semi-parametric choice model which links the linear combination of travel-related attributes to the choice probabilities via an unknown sensitivity function. This sensitivity function reflects the degree of travelers’ sensitivity to the changes in the combined travel cost. The estimation of the semi-parametric choice model is also investigated and empirical studies are used to illustrate the developed method.     

冻融作用对边坡稳定性的影响浅析

针对季节性冰冻地区春融期间路堑边坡的浅层滑塌破坏,分析了冻融作用对边坡稳定的影响、冻融滑坡的形成机理及影响因素,给出了冻融滑坡稳定系数的计算公式,并通过工程实例分别计算了边坡在正常工况、冻融状态下的稳定系数,说明在冻融状态下路堑边坡稳定系数会明显降低,造成边坡失稳。提出了边坡冻融破坏的几种防治措施,得出了应充分注意冰冻地区的特点,加强土体强度指标试验及排水、防护设施设计、施工等结论。     

可控式被动减摇水舱气道的阻尼

可控式被动减摇水舱的气道和阀口对减摇水舱内水的振荡起阻尼作用,对减摇水舱的减摇效果有负面影响.文章给出了气道(含阀口)产生的气压附加阻尼系数的计算方法,分析了气压附加阻尼对舱内水振荡特性及减摇效果的影响.     

高速公路场景下的电子稳像技术研究

为了去除高速公路监控视频中自身位置不稳定的事物给全局运动矢量估计带来误差,先通过Canny算子检测图像中的直线,并根据车道边界的特征筛选出道路边界,确定道路区域。再检测道路区域内的Harris角点信息,并与背景图中道路区域内的角点位置进行匹配,从而得到全局运动矢量,并计算出稳定的图像。实验表明,该算法能够满足高速公路场景下的稳像需求。     

A fundamental investigation of tilt control systems for narrow commuter vehicles

One way of addressing traffic congestion is by efficiently utilizing the existing highway infrastructure. Narrow tilting vehicles that need a reduced width lane can be part of the solution if they can be designed to be safe, stable, and easy to operate. In this paper, a control system that stabilizes the tilt mode of such a vehicle without affecting the handling of the vehicle is proposed. This control system is a combination of two different types of control schemes known as steering tilt control (STC) and direct tilt control (DTC) systems. First, different existing variations of both STC and DTC systems are considered and their shortcomings analysed. Modified control schemes are then suggested to overcome the deficiencies. Then a new method of integrating these two control schemes that guarantees smooth switchover between the controllers as a function of vehicle velocity is proposed. The performance of the proposed STC, DTC, and integrated systems is evaluated by carrying out simulations for different operating conditions and some experimental work. The design of a second-generation narrow tilting vehicle on which the developed control system has been implemented is presented.     

Influence of uneven rail irregularities on the dynamic response of the railway track using a three-dimensional model of the vehicle–track system

A mathematical model of the vehicle–track interaction is developed to investigate the coupled behaviour of vehicle–track system, in the presence of uneven irregularities at left/right rails. The railway vehicle is simplified as a 3D multi-rigid-body model, and the track is treated as the two parallel beams on a layered discrete support system. Besides the car-body, the bogies and the wheel sets, the sleepers are assumed to have roll degree of freedom, in order to simulate the in-plane rotation of the components. The wheel–rail interface is treated using a nonlinear Hertzian contact model, coupling the mathematical equations of the vehicle–track systems. The dynamic interaction of the entire system is numerically studied in time domain, employing Newmark's integration method. The track irregularity spectra of both the left/right rails are taken into account, as the inputs of dynamic excitations. The dynamic responses of the track system induced by such irregularities are obtained, particularly in terms of the vertical (bounce) and roll displacements. The numerical model of the present research is validated using several benchmark models reported in the literature, for both the smooth and unsmooth track conditions. Four sample profiles of the measured rail irregularities are considered as the case studies of excitation sources, examining their influences on the dynamic behaviour of the coupled system. The results of numerical simulations demonstrate that the motion of track system is significantly influenced by the presence of uneven irregularities in left/right rails. Dynamic response of the sleepers in the roll direction becomes more sensitive to the rail irregularities, as the unevenness severity of the parallel profiles (quantitative difference between left and right rail spectra) is increased. The severe geometric deformation of the track in the bounce–pitch–roll directions is mainly related to such profile unevenness (cross-level) in left/right rails.     

中国古代造船业对世界的贡献与影响(连载一)

中国的独木舟出现可能与西方同期，风帆出现比埃及晚，但是一经问世，技术上先进程度却是惊人的，特别是公元前后到十五世纪，许多发明创造更是举世瞩目。这些发明和创造，不但丰富和发展了自己，而且使世界各国受益非浅，极大地促进了世界造船业发展与航海贸易进行，其贡献是辉宏的。通过以船型、水密舱壁、明轮推进、船舵与使帆技术、船体建造及其工艺、导航技术、造船理论、船舶检验与管理、水战兵器、郑和下西洋意义等十个方面进行介绍，它充分证明了中华民族有着光辉灿烂的文化，中国人民，是勤劳智慧的人民。在增加民族自豪感同时，也激励我们继往开来，与时俱进，勇往直前。     

舵附推力鳍在导管桨推轮上的应用

结合某内河推轮的模型,初步研究了舵附推力鳍在导管桨推轮上应用的可能性及其安装等有关问题,为舵附推力鳍在导管桨推轮上的应用提供参考资料。     

顶推船队耐波性试验研究

介绍顶推船队耐波性试验,测量不同航速、不同浪向角对应的驳船和推轮纵摇角、横摇角、重心处垂向加速度和升沉幅值、驳船连接装置处垂向加速度,并对结果进行分析。     

三体船横摇运动

介绍了关于三体船横摇运动的研究工作。采用能量法，由自由横摇衰减试验测量数据计算了三体船横摇阻尼系数，分析横摇过程中阻尼非线性作用的特点，讨论侧体横向布置位置、舭龙骨和航速对三体船横摇运动的影响，对线性、非线性方法用于预报三体船横摇运动进行比较分析。三体船模型横摇试验包括静水中的自由横摇衰减试验、规则波中的零速横摇试验。试验中通过系列变化侧体横向布置位置，并对侧体安装舭龙骨进行对比试验，研究侧体布置和舭龙骨对三体船横摇运动的影响。经与试验结果对比，本文对三体船横摇运动预报的结果令人满意。