导管舵性能分析与舵力计算

导管舵能为船舶提供良好的回转性,被广泛应用于对操纵性要求高的船舶或者舵系布置空间紧张的船舶,然而其舵力计算有别于常规舵。采用Fluent软件分析了导管舵的敞水性能,求出其升力系数曲线和力矩系数曲线并分析其表面压力分布特点。考虑船体伴流和螺旋桨尾流的影响,进行了导管舵的舵力和舵机扭矩计算,为舵的设计奠定基础。基于CFD软件和理想推进器理论求舵力的方法可为非常规舵的设计提供参考。     

石灰稳定粉质土在道路底基层中的应用与改良

基于粉质土的土质分析,从石灰稳定粉质土的稳定机理、改良措施、施工工艺等方面对粉质土在石灰稳定土底基层中的应用进行探索和分析,并介绍其在道路底基层中的应用,对工程实践具有一定的指导价值。     

上承式单肋拱桥稳定特性研究

该文以孙家凹桥为背景,讨论了上承式单肋拱桥的构造特点,研究了钢管混凝土拱肋刚度计算方法以及拱肋填充混凝土程度对其稳定特性的影响,得出结论,可为今后该类桥型的设计提供参考。     

不确定时变时滞系统的指数稳定鲁棒H_∞可靠控制

针对一类含有时变时滞的参数不确定线性系统,研究了在执行器发生故障情况下系统指数稳定的鲁棒H∞可靠控制器设计问题.根据Lyapunov稳定性理论,给出了系统存在指数稳定鲁棒可靠控制器应满足的一个矩阵不等式;同时给出了系统具有H∞性能指标应满足的另一个矩阵不等式.论文将这两个矩阵不等式转化为两个线性矩阵不等式（LMIs）.利用论文方法设计的指数稳定鲁棒H∞可靠控制器能够使得时滞系统对于任意允许的不确定性以及任意执行器失效都保持鲁棒可靠指数稳定,并且使系统具有指定H∞范数的干扰抑制能力.仿真结果表明了该控制器设计方法的有效性.     

基于万吨溢油回收船的平面被动式减摇水舱优化和模型试验

为进一步掌握平面被动式减摇水舱内水位的变化对减摇效率的影响规律,以某万吨级溢油回收船为研究对象,选择5档水舱水位和无水状态分别进行静水横摇衰减模型试验、规则波模型试验和4级海况下的不规则波模型试验,对减摇水舱内水位的变化对目标船固有周期、阻尼特性和减摇效率的影响规律进行对比分析。研究结果表明:水舱内的水位增加对目标船的横摇固有周期和阻尼系数都有影响;当水舱内的水位在水舱总高的50%以内时,减摇效率随水位的增加而提高;当水舱内的水位在水舱总高的50%~60%范围内时,减摇效率最高;当水舱内的水位在水舱总高的60%以上时,减摇效率有下降的趋势。     

A study on improving the course-keeping ability of a pure car carrier in windy conditions

The course-keeping ability of a pure car carrier (PCC) in windy conditions is discussed in this article. Numerical simulations of two PCCs were carried out to compare their course-keeping abilities in wind. The two PCCs had the same hull form but different types of rudder. One PCC was fitted with a semispade rudder (hereinafter, the normal rudder), whereas the other was fitted with a spade-type Schilling rudder (hereinafter, the Schilling rudder). Both PCCs were designed to a new concept for the accommodation structure and hull form above the load water line. In this new design concept, there are no sharp corners in the superstructure so as to reduce wind resistance and improve steering performance. The limits of course keeping for the two PCCs were investigated through simulations. The course-keeping abilities of the two PCCs, each with two different types of autopilot system, were also investigated in wind. To develop the numerical simulation, the hydrodynamic coefficients of the two PCCs were predicted based on the data published for a third PCC having similar principal particulars. The numerical model of the two PCCs was validated by comparing its behavior with the respective full-scale trial results. Wind resistance coefficients were predicted by combining the results of wind tunnel experiments of the object PCCs and a regression model. Numerical simulations under steady wind conditions were also carried out and the results compared with some full-scale experiments to validate the mathematical model of the PCC.     

不对称信息理论在船舶运动控制中的应用

本文介绍了不对称信息理论，并针对舵阻摇控制系统，通过简化鲁棒控制算法和改进舵机执行机构性能，增加信息的传递量，在提高系统鲁棒性能的基础上，使该算法成为实际工程上可用的算法。闭环增益成形算法采用闭环系统中具有工程意义的参数直接构造出鲁棒控制器，其设计过程简单，且物理意义明晰。从仿真结果可以看出：当信息传递充分时，航向保持效果大大改善，打舵的频率和幅值明显降低，同时也较为节能。     

Optimal roll control of an articulated vehicle: theory and model validation

This paper investigates optimal roll control of an experimental articulated vehicle. The test vehicle and the mathematical model used to design the control strategies are presented. The vehicle model is validated against experimental data from the test vehicle in passive configuration. The initial controller design, performed by Sampson (Sampson, D.J.M. and Cebon, D., 2003a, Achievable roll stability of heavy road vehicles. Proc. Instn. Mech. Engrs, Part D, J. Automobile Engineering, 217(4), 269-287), is reviewed and adapted for the experimental vehicle. The effect of not controlling all the axles on the vehicle is investigated and a variable vehicle speed controller is designed by interpolating between constant speed controllers. Substantial reduction in normalized load transfer is achieved for a range of manoeuvres, both in steady-state and transient conditions.     

公路路床常见处理措施

通过对汽车荷载作用下路床的受力分析,探讨不同的路床处理方法的适用性。设计中常用的处理方法有翻挖晾晒、掺灰处理、换填及深层处理。翻挖晾晒和掺灰处理主要对原土的含水量进行改良,掺灰处理还可以降低土的膨胀性;换填是将路床范围的不良地层超挖,然后分层回填合格的路基填料;深层处理常常将路床及路床以下地基一并处理。良好的路床对路面的稳定性和耐久性起到至关重要的作用,故在设计中应重视路床部位的处理。     

非线性动力系统的鲁棒控制器设计

考虑非线性动力系统的鲁棒镇定问题。应用Ｌｙａｐｕｎｏｖ方法提出了新的非线性反馈控制器设计方案。只要不确定性是连续有界的，所提出的控制律将使其闭环系统鲁棒实用稳定或鲁棒渐近稳定。