基于CBTC控制的全自动驾驶系统

主要介绍全自动驾驶(FAO)系统的发展和应用情况、系统的组成和特点,并提出引进采用该系统需要注意的问题。     

Urban walkability considering pedestrians’ perceptions of the built environment: a 10-year review and a case study in a medium-sized city in Latin America

ABSTRACT

Numerous methodologies measuring walkability have been developed over the last years. This paper reviews the Walkability Index (WI) literature of the last decade (2009–2018) and highlights some limitations in the current approaches. Only a few studies have evaluated walkability in Latin America, mainly in big cities but not in medium and small-sized cities in the region, which present their own urbanisation dynamics, security issues, sidewalk invasion problems, and poor planning. Furthermore, most WIs in the literature use objective mesoscale variables to assess walkability in a given area. This paper contributes to filling these gaps by generating new evidence from a medium-sized city in Latin America to question if characteristics of the built environment encourage walking trips, as found in the literature, are transferable among regions. The study also proposes a novel index comprised of microscale and mesoscale built environment variables to assess walkability using virtual tools and considering users’ perceptions. The WI estimation relies on ranking probability models. The results of the case study suggest that subjective Security and Traffic Safety are the most crucial factors influencing walkability in these kind of cities, which is different from what is found in the literature from cities in developed countries where Sidewalk Condition and Attractiveness are the most important factors. Security appeared to be strongly associated with a subjective dimension, represented by the fear of crime or perceived risk for crime, instead of the actual occurrence of crimes. This result evidences the importance of the physical attributes of the real world and how they are captured, judged, and processed by pedestrians. Then, regional transferability of WIs needs to be done carefully. Finally, results in this paper highlight the importance of microscale built environment characteristics in the WI formulation in these cities. Results are in line with other research in some cities of the region, which found that microscale variables such as pavement quality and presence of obstacles on the sidewalks are relevant components to promote walkability.     

Estimation of delay variability at signalized intersections for urban arterial performance evaluation

Urban arterial performance evaluation has been broadly studied, with the major focus on average travel time estimation. However, in view of the stochastic nature of interrupted flow, the ability to capture the characteristics of travel time variability has become a critical step in determining arterial level of service (LOS). This article first presents a stochastic approach that integrates classic cumulative curves and probability theories in order to investigate delay variability at signalized intersections, as a dominant part of the link travel time variability. This serves as a basis for arterial travel time estimation, which can be obtained through a convolution of individual link travel time distributions. The proposed approach is then applied in the estimation of travel time along one arterial in Shanghai, China, with abundant automatic vehicle identification (AVI) data sources. The travel time variability is evaluated thoroughly at 30-min intervals, with promising results achieved in comparison to the field measurements. In addition, the estimated travel time distributions are utilized to illustrate the probability of multiple LOS ranges, namely, reliability LOS. The results provide insights into how we might achieve a more reliable and informative understanding of arterial performance.     

一级公路交叉口设计中的交通安全问题及对策

一级干线公路由于开口较多,不可避免地存在较多的交通安全问题.文章以湖北荆监一级公路为例,针对交叉口设计中的交通安全典型问题,提出了改善方法及相关对策.     

基于灰色关联度的船舶风险控制方案多指标评价模型

分析了仅依靠成本效益评估而选择的船舶风险控制方案的片面性,综合考虑安全、环保、经济收益、成本等多因素对方案所表现的影响,建立了基于灰色关联度的船舶风险控制方案多指标评价模型。论文所建立的该模型可以充分利用各方案的指标取值所包含的信息,并考虑专家主观因素对指标重要度的影响,通过主客观综合赋权的方法突出某个指标在方案排序中的作用。以国际海事组织对液化天然气船的综合安全评估报告所提供的风险控制措施为例,使用该模型进行方案优选,并与仅用成本效益评估所得结果比较;分析比较表明:论文所建立的多指标评价模型可以更全面评估风险控制方案,方法合理,使用简便可靠。     

新型沙漏式FPSO的浮体外形参数对水动力性能的影响

为了解决传统船型和已有圆柱筒状FPSO的性能局限,论文提出了一种具有沙漏型浮式主体的新概念FPSO。根据所研发的新型沙漏式浮体模型,确定了能够反映浮体几何形状、FPSO基本功能和水动力性能的5个相互独立的外形参数。然后,采用基于频域势流理论的边界元数值模拟方法研究了新型沙漏式浮体在波浪中的运动响应,并且定性分析了不同浮体外形参数(下倾角、水线面半径等)对浮体水动力性能的影响,得到一些有意义的结论,以期能够为新型沙漏式FPSO的主浮体外形设计提供参考依据和准则。     

海水电池用导电聚苯胺正极性能的研究

研究导电聚苯胺作为海水电池正极性能,通过与镁合金负极组成电池进行电性能实验,并与Mg/氯化银电池进行性能比较。结果表明导电聚苯胺作为海水电池正极具有较好的放电性能,其工作电压可达到1.2~1.35 V;导电聚苯胺自身的导电性使其在激活初始时期能在短时间内耐受较大电流;增加导电添加剂和减薄电极厚度后可增加Mg/导电聚苯胺电池的电压稳定时间;导电聚苯胺与聚四氟乙烯溶液(5%wt)比例在3.7:1~4:1时有利于正极成型。     

浅谈大型门座起重机整机运输及滚装上岸的安全管理

大型门座起重机整机运输及滚装上岸过程存在很大的风险,本文以滨海港北区10万t级通用码头一期工程为例,探讨了大型门座起重机整机运输及滚装上岸的安全管理。     

Numerical Investigations on the Aerodynamic Performance of Wind Turbine：Downwind Versus Upwind Configuration

Although the upwind configuration is more popular in the field of wind energy, the downwind one is a promising type for the offshore wind energy due to its special advantages. Different configurations ...     

基于AIS的商船雷达性能分析方法

利用模糊综合评价将雷达数据和AIS数据进行融合形成两者的共同航迹,实现信息互补和位置的精确定位。首先将雷达和AIS测得不同坐标系下的位置信息变换到同一个平面坐标系中;其次统一传感器的信息,由于二者对同一目标所采集到的时间不同;然后综合考虑航行速度、航行角度和航行距离来确定航迹;最后实现信息融合,通过实验验证基于AIS的商船雷达性能分析是可行的。