庄行镇水利小包围工程分析

奉贤区庄行镇地处低洼,易受涝灾。随着大暴雨频率增加及地区经济的发展,低洼地区的防洪排涝日显重要,直接影响人民生活关系密切的居民区,更需及时解决排水除涝问题,以确保人民安居乐业。该文在对该地区水情作模型分析的基础上,提出实施水利小包围工程的建设意见,在小范围内彻底解决防洪排涝问题,减少大暴雨造成的损失。     

不同再生方式的再生S BS改性沥青老化性能研究

采用新基质沥青、新改性沥青和再生剂再生老化 SBS 改性沥青,测定了不同方式再生后的 SBS 改性沥青 RTFOT老化前后的25℃针入度和老化后的残留延度,以及不同老化时间后的质量损失。通过对不同再生再生方式再生后的 SBS 改性沥青的残留针入度比、残留延度和质量损失率进行对比,分析再生 SBS 改性沥青的老化性能。研究结果表明,通过新改性沥青再生的 SBS 改性沥青的老化性能优于通过新基质沥青和再生剂再生的 SBS改性沥青。     

土质库岸路基内孔隙水压力的计算方法

把土质库岸路基内地下水的渗流状态简化为4种渗流模型,基于渗流力学理论,建立各渗流模型路基内任意点的孔隙水压力计算方法。     

盾构隧道管片接缝三元乙丙橡胶密封垫力学性能影响因素敏感度分析

为研究盾构隧道管片接缝三元乙丙橡胶密封垫力学性能的影响因素,首先,以实际工程为背景,采用自主设计的试验系统进行试验,并以此验证数值模型的可靠性; 然后,利用数值模型,采用正交分析方法,对密封垫断面参数(开孔形状、断面开槽数量、断面开孔率)、密封垫橡胶材料硬度、密封垫拼装姿态(张开量、错位量)进行六因素三水平的密封垫力学性能影响因素的敏感度分析; 最后,结合力学性能研究与防水性能预测需求,提出以闭合压缩力、密封垫接触应力分布作为分析指标。研究结果表明: 1)针对密封垫装配时所需的闭合压缩力,其影响因素主次顺序为张开量、断面开孔率、橡胶硬度、开槽数量、开孔形状、其他因素以及错位量; 2)密封垫接触应力分布的影响因素主次顺序为开孔形状、断面开孔率、错位量、其他因素、张开量、橡胶硬度、开槽数量。根据研究结果选取对密封垫力学性能影响较为显著的因素进行单因素分析,然后根据分析结果及橡胶垫密封垫防水性能预测方法, 提出背景工程管片接缝密封垫的优化方案。     

泥水平衡盾构穿越富水砂砾层施工技术研究

文章依托沈阳地铁十号线11标长青桥站—浑南大道工程,该工程区间全长1.6 km,采用?6240 mm泥水平衡盾构施工,穿越段以富水砂砾层为主,最大粒径110 mm,在施工过程中,通过优化调整刀盘的合理选型和泥浆参数,有效地减少了刀盘的磨损,全程未更换刀具。研究表明:通过分析盾构设计阶段刀盘的选型配置和隧道贯通后刀具的磨损情况,提出了一套有针对性的泥水盾构刀盘配置;通过分析施工掘进参数可知,提高泥浆粘度虽然可以增加泥浆支护效果,但易在盾构刀盘的正面形成泥饼,导致正面砾石无法顺利进入土舱内,进而造成扭矩及推力的异常;通过分析不同粘度、比重下盾构机扭矩及推力的变化,总结了富水砂砾层中泥浆参数的合理指标,对今后类似工程的施工具有借鉴意义。     

东莞至惠州城际轨道交通东江隧道主要工程地质问题研究

东莞至惠州城际轨道交通东江隧道下穿东江,为极高风险隧道。采用地质调绘、钻探、一孔多用(数字式全景钻孔摄像、声波测井)、水文地质试验、土工试验等综合勘察方法,运用岩体完整性系数定量分析岩体的完整性,采用水文地质试验测试含水层的渗透系数,利用裘布依理论公式定量计算隧道涌水量,采用室内试验测试软土力学指标,利用岩石抗压试验定量计算泥岩和泥质粉砂岩的软化系数。依据上述测试成果,研究了东江隧道突涌水、软土大变形、软岩变形、流砂、基坑开挖引发周边地面及建筑物变形、惠州断裂等主要工程地质问题,提出了相应的防治措施建议。研究结论为:东江隧道主要工程地质问题突出,但是可以采取相应的工程措施进行处理。     

A3T材质车轴产品试制工艺研究及性能分析

A3T是BS 5892-1标准中一种调质车轴材质,文中研究了基于A3T材质的车轴产品的试制工艺,通过控制化学成分、电弧炉熔炼、炉外精炼、真空脱气处理、保护浇铸及轧制成型、车轴经快锻机锻造以及悬挂式电加热炉热处理等过程工艺,制定出了合理的工艺参数,生产的车轴综合性能良好,其力学性能达到了BS 5892-1标准要求,该产品填补了国内空白。     

港口沉积物控制和管理风险分析及管理建议

为应对外来物种入侵和病原体跨境传播,国际海事组织(IMO)于2004年制定了《国际压载水和沉积物管理和控制公约》。目前的研究主要集中在压载水的管理和控制,压载水沉积物排放、处理、处置和管理体系目前处于空缺状态。文中通过调研和分析比较的方法,了解我国及全球范围内主要港口沉积物处理接收和处置现状,并对可能造成的环境、人员、财产和自然资源的损害进行风险分析,提出相应的对策及管理建议。     

Forecasting the impacts of climate change on inland waterways

Inland waterways are vulnerable to climate change as river navigation depends on water levels. Droughts can severely disrupt inland navigation services by reducing water levels either to completely non-navigable ones or to levels that oblige operators to reduce vessel load. We analyse the impacts of droughts induced by climate change using projections of river discharge data provided by eleven different climate model runs. We consider location specific characteristics by focusing the analysis on four specific locations of the Rhine and the Danube where a substantial part of the total freight activity in the European Union (EU) takes place. For the majority of the cases and scenarios considered, a decrease of the number of low water level days is projected, leading to fewer drought related disruptions in the operation of the inland waterway transport system. Although the uncertainties from the climate projections should not be neglected, the navigation sector could benefit from global warming which means that European inland waterways might be one of the few sectors where climate change can have negligible, or even positive, impact. The average economic benefit, for the cases considered, from the decrease of low water levels by the end of the century is projected to be almost €8million annually.     

Rising Sea Levels: Helping Decision-Makers Confront the Inevitable

Sea-level rise (SLR) is not just a future trend; it is occurring now in most coastal regions across the globe. It thus impacts not only long-range planning in coastal environments, but also emergency preparedness. Its inevitability and irreversibility on long time scales, in addition to its spatial non-uniformity, uncertain magnitude and timing, and capacity to drive non-stationarity in coastal flooding on planning and engineering timescales, create unique challenges for coastal risk-management decision processes. This review assesses past United States federal efforts to synthesize evolving SLR science in support of coastal risk management. In particular, it outlines the: (1) evolution in global SLR scenarios to those using a risk-based perspective that also considers low-probability but high-consequence outcomes, (2) regionalization of the global scenarios, and (3) use of probabilistic approaches. It also describes efforts to further contextualize regional scenarios by combining local mean sea-level changes with extreme water level projections. Finally, it offers perspectives on key issues relevant to the future uptake, interpretation, and application of sea-level change scenarios in decision-making. These perspectives have utility for efforts to craft standards and guidance for preparedness and resilience measures to reduce the risk of coastal flooding and other impacts related to SLR.