珠海港高栏港区进港航道回淤分析

航道开挖后容易出现回淤,回淤量研究对航道后期的维护尤为重要。以高栏港进港航道泥沙回淤为研究对象,结合黄茅海海域的海床历史演变情况,分析高栏港区航道泥沙来源,研究航道附近泥沙冲淤变化特征。研究结果表明:高栏港所在的十字水域海床近年来处于淤积状态,1977—1989年,平均淤积强度为3. 42 cm/a; 1989—2003年,淤积速率减缓,约为0. 86 cm/a。高栏港区航道年淤积量由常年淤积和台风骤淤两部分组成,航道每年发生明显骤淤1～2次,骤淤量一般为常年淤积量的30%～50%,骤淤引起的平均淤积厚度为0. 32～0. 60 m,骤淤量的大小和分布与台风路径及强度有关。研究成果对于航道维护时间及频次确定具有参考作用。     

严寒地区高黏高弹改性沥青应力吸收层沥青混合料路用性能研究

为解决河北省张家口市北部坝上地区沥青路面反射裂缝严重的问题,以高黏高弹改性沥青应力吸收层为研究目标,通过沥青的常规试验和PG分级试验来评价3种不同的应力吸收层沥青结合料,并对3种沥青混合料的路用性能进行了研究。通过室内试验结果表明,高黏高弹改性沥青的常规技术指标要明显高于常规改性沥青,PG分级也高于常规改性沥青。与普通改性沥青应力吸收层沥青混合料相比,高黏高弹改性沥青应力吸收层沥青混合料具有更好的路用性能。     

一种船用起重设备多连杆防摇装置设计及仿真研究

对于起重设备,尤其是船用起重设备,吊装作业时起吊对象的摇摆是一种常见现象,其往往影响作业效率,甚至影响作业安全,该特点在舱室空间有限的船用领域表现的尤其明显。针对该类摇摆问题,本文设计了一种新型空间多连杆防摇装置,通过三维空间正交耦合约束方式实现了吊运对象的直线导向功能,进而达到防摇效果;并基于Adams软件对该装置的防摇性能进行了仿真研究,分析出大车、小车以及吊具升降时吊装对象的运动学状态。结果表明,该装置达到了良好的防摇效果,并具有结构新颖、工作可靠、安装紧凑的优点,在船用防摇领域具有很高的工程应用价值。     

宽幅、大截面钢板桩在软土地区综合管廊基坑工程中的应用

综合管廊的支护型式有灌注桩、SMW工法桩、U型钢板桩等,其中U型钢板桩支护具有环保、高效的特点,可多次重复使用。工程实践表明,在用钢量一定的情况,宽幅、大截面PU 600×210型钢板桩在管廊工程基坑中进行应用,具有更好的经济性、力学性质,且单根钢板桩重量适中。在华东地区某综合管廊基坑工程中实际应用后,取得良好效果。     

横向载荷作用下小水线面双体船结构校核与优化

采用有限元仿真方法对一艘新型小水线面双体船进行强度校核,研究该船形在横向载荷作用下的结构强度和应力分布特性,进而给出结构优化设计方案,在确保结构安全的基础上达到严格控制重量的目的,形成的校核流程方法及优化设计方案可为同类船舶提供设计与校核指导。     

‘Only work and sleep’: seafarers’ perceptions of job demands of short sea cargo shipping lines and their effects on work and life on board

Previous research on job demands in seafaring has focused on the effects of workload and circadian disturbance on seafarers’ health and fatigue. Taking a more comprehensive approach, this study identifies job demands of short sea cargo shipping lines and explores their effects on work and life on board. Data came from 54 interviews with officers and crew on five cargo ships. Findings revealed job demands related to characteristics of the schedule, ports, and sea voyages; these were not only associated with workload and circadian disturbance, but also with the difficulty of the work, the ability to plan ahead, and intrusions from third parties. Job demands affected outcomes through two interconnected processes. First, job demands had direct and indirect effects on fatigue and the working climate on board. Second, potential positive effects of job demands (i.e. interesting work and pay) were related to motivation and, together with a good working climate, could reduce turnover. Connecting the two processes, a good working climate was pivotal in counteracting negative emotions and supporting motivation and collaboration. In this way, it functioned as a key resource. External constraints could either buffer or reinforce these effects.     

活动甲板室锁紧系统的设计与结构强度分析

针对使用气动减振装置的活动甲板室,提出一种航行锁紧系统的设计,用于大风浪或者航行状态下将活动甲板室与主船体进行刚性连接。结合一条使用该航行锁紧系统的大型自航绞吸挖泥船,阐述该锁紧系统的结构形式和工作方式等内容,并且对该系统各组成结构所承受的载荷进行分析,基于此对相应结构的强度进行有限元分析,证明该系统结构强度可以满足设计要求。研究结果对采用类似方法将甲板室与主船体进行连接的船舶设计工作具有一定参考价值,也为一些船型的开发提供新的思路。     

海上堤坝施工质量控制要点

针对海上人工填海造岛后,用堤坝进行岛-岛、岛-陆连接的不同施工方法而采取的不同防渗、止水工艺过程中存在的质量控制要点进行分析。对海上采用高压旋喷桩止水、防渗与陆地干法采用钢板桩止水、防渗的效果进行对比,得出钢板桩止水、防渗效果优于旋喷桩止水、防渗的结论。     

外海岛礁施工用多功能辅助船开发设计

多功能辅助船是辅助大型挖泥船在外海岛礁工况下的疏浚施工关键设施之一,针对一种外海岛礁施工用多功能辅助船的开发设计,介绍分析其功能特点、布置概况以及设计要点,并提出本船的设计难点,为同类型船的设计提供参考。     

Economic feasibility of an NSR/SCR-combined container service on the Asia-Europe lane: a new approach dynamically considering sea ice extent

The trend towards global warming and the rapid decline in the extent of summer Arctic sea ice over recent years has increased the feasibility of international Arctic shipping. In this study we propose a seasonal NSR (North Sea Route)/SCR (Suez Canal Route)-combined shipping service linking Shanghai and Rotterdam, using the Northern Sea Route during the economical navigable window but using the traditional Suez Canal Route at other times. Different from the previous literatures, this paper dynamically considers the sea ice extent in the model, which is more reasonable for the assessment of Arctic container shipping, because fuel consumption is highly related to ship speed, while ship speed is determined by the relative distances of ice-covered and ice-free route stages. A new approach is developed to predict the time points at which the ship enters and exits the ice-covered stage, given that both the ship position and the extent of sea ice are constantly changing. The results show that the NSR/SCR-combined Arctic container service can be more economical than the SCR, given lower NSR tariffs.