武汉新港花山作业区规划重点问题分析

基于武汉新港花山作业区的功能定位和发展要求,结合港口开发现状、区位和地形条件,针对港区平面布置、高程设计和交通组织等问题进行重点分析。充分利用陆域资源特点和条件,考虑不同港口功能区对陆域的要求,提出合理的平面布置方案;综合分析防洪、港区排水、交通及土石方平衡等要求,对港口高程系统、重要节点高程控制和港内交通组织进行设计,为复杂地形条件下的内河集装箱港区规划设计提供参考。     

Economic feasibility of an NSR/SCR-combined container service on the Asia-Europe lane: a new approach dynamically considering sea ice extent

The trend towards global warming and the rapid decline in the extent of summer Arctic sea ice over recent years has increased the feasibility of international Arctic shipping. In this study we propose a seasonal NSR (North Sea Route)/SCR (Suez Canal Route)-combined shipping service linking Shanghai and Rotterdam, using the Northern Sea Route during the economical navigable window but using the traditional Suez Canal Route at other times. Different from the previous literatures, this paper dynamically considers the sea ice extent in the model, which is more reasonable for the assessment of Arctic container shipping, because fuel consumption is highly related to ship speed, while ship speed is determined by the relative distances of ice-covered and ice-free route stages. A new approach is developed to predict the time points at which the ship enters and exits the ice-covered stage, given that both the ship position and the extent of sea ice are constantly changing. The results show that the NSR/SCR-combined Arctic container service can be more economical than the SCR, given lower NSR tariffs.     

考虑相邻工程的某港区总体建设方案

以某港区实际工程为例,在对建设条件梳理分析的基础上进行方案研究。针对复杂的掩护条件,根据周边工程实施进度分阶段确定掩护标准,选择合理的设计波要素。总体建设方案选择投资稍高但建设工期较短的离岸式高桩结构,先施工码头结构后再进行港池疏浚,有效缩短了建设工期。采用Plaxis岩土有限元软件分析港池疏浚对桩基的作用,结果表明考虑港池疏浚产生的土体变形后,桩基弯矩显著增大。本工程提出的分阶段确定掩护标准、码头离岸式布置、吹填形成陆域、先施工码头结构后疏浚港池的总体建设方案,取得了良好的效益。     

山区河流枢纽库尾河段航道整治模型试验研究

为探讨山区河流库尾河段航道整治技术,以嘉陵江南充段凤仪场库尾河段为例,分析河床演变、滩险及泥沙淤积规律,探明河段的碍航特性。采用河工模型试验方法,制定了"疏浚、筑坝、护岸"等整治方案。试验表明:优化方案实施后整治效果良好,从根本上解决了山区河流库尾河段变动回水区碍航问题。     

砂被联合软体排在深海区护底工程中的应用

常规护底工程常采用软体排和砂被分开施工的方法,该方法在浅水区能够较好地适应,但由于深海区水流条件复杂,施工质量难以得到控制。结合具体工程实例,提出砂被联合软体排的方案,介绍了该方案的原理、施工流程和质量控制方法。通过实测结果验证了该方案在深海区护底工程中具有效率高、成本低、质量好的优点。     

基于实船与模型试验的船舶操纵性相关性分析

操纵性相关性分析一直以来是受到国内外学者的关注,但是由于其复杂性,至今未能很好地解决.目前,模型试验的数据往往是直接预报到实船的操纵性能,这有可能导致很大的偏差,影响船舶的航行安全.本文针对育鲲轮,进行了实船试验与模型试验的相关性分析.首先进行了实船回转试验和z形试验,测试了该船的操纵性.通过试验数据分析获得了纵距、横距、战术直径、回转直径、超越角等操纵性特征参数,试验过程中也进行了船舶姿态,如纵、横摇以及主机功率的测试.通过实船回转试验发现,主机功率比直航时增大了大约15%,这给船舶设计提供了参考.然后,采用6m长左右的模型也进行了相同试验的测试,电机转速与实船主机转速相似,且一直保持不变.最后,分析比较了模型所测数据与实船数据,发现特征参数误差基本都在10%以内.说明模型长度、螺旋桨的模拟等模型试验方案基本可行.     

外海岛礁施工用多功能辅助船开发设计

多功能辅助船是辅助大型挖泥船在外海岛礁工况下的疏浚施工关键设施之一,针对一种外海岛礁施工用多功能辅助船的开发设计,介绍分析其功能特点、布置概况以及设计要点,并提出本船的设计难点,为同类型船的设计提供参考。     

活动甲板室锁紧系统的设计与结构强度分析

针对使用气动减振装置的活动甲板室,提出一种航行锁紧系统的设计,用于大风浪或者航行状态下将活动甲板室与主船体进行刚性连接。结合一条使用该航行锁紧系统的大型自航绞吸挖泥船,阐述该锁紧系统的结构形式和工作方式等内容,并且对该系统各组成结构所承受的载荷进行分析,基于此对相应结构的强度进行有限元分析,证明该系统结构强度可以满足设计要求。研究结果对采用类似方法将甲板室与主船体进行连接的船舶设计工作具有一定参考价值,也为一些船型的开发提供新的思路。     

海上堤坝施工质量控制要点

针对海上人工填海造岛后,用堤坝进行岛-岛、岛-陆连接的不同施工方法而采取的不同防渗、止水工艺过程中存在的质量控制要点进行分析。对海上采用高压旋喷桩止水、防渗与陆地干法采用钢板桩止水、防渗的效果进行对比,得出钢板桩止水、防渗效果优于旋喷桩止水、防渗的结论。     

‘Only work and sleep’: seafarers’ perceptions of job demands of short sea cargo shipping lines and their effects on work and life on board

Previous research on job demands in seafaring has focused on the effects of workload and circadian disturbance on seafarers’ health and fatigue. Taking a more comprehensive approach, this study identifies job demands of short sea cargo shipping lines and explores their effects on work and life on board. Data came from 54 interviews with officers and crew on five cargo ships. Findings revealed job demands related to characteristics of the schedule, ports, and sea voyages; these were not only associated with workload and circadian disturbance, but also with the difficulty of the work, the ability to plan ahead, and intrusions from third parties. Job demands affected outcomes through two interconnected processes. First, job demands had direct and indirect effects on fatigue and the working climate on board. Second, potential positive effects of job demands (i.e. interesting work and pay) were related to motivation and, together with a good working climate, could reduce turnover. Connecting the two processes, a good working climate was pivotal in counteracting negative emotions and supporting motivation and collaboration. In this way, it functioned as a key resource. External constraints could either buffer or reinforce these effects.