油田埋地管道防腐层破损点检测及影响因素

简要阐述了埋地管道防腐层破损点的检测原理,并通过现场检测实例,总结出了影响防腐层破损点检测的几个主要因素,同时提供了解决方法,以提高防腐层破损点的检测准确率.     

浅议水毁防治措施选择

公路水毁灾害在我国西部地区频繁发生,然而,防护措施的选择却多凭经验办事。因此,文章在国内外现有研究成果的基础上,通过对西部地区的实地调研,全面分析水毁形态与成因机理,阐述了不同公路水毁防治措施的防护机理,结合水毁防护措施自身的强度和经济性,提出了各种水毁防护措施的适用条件。这对我国公路水毁预防和治理具有一定理论与实践意义。     

沥青混合料水稳定性评价方法研究

马歇尔试件成型时采用不同击实次数,使试件空隙率控制在5 %～6 %这一抗水损害最不利状态下,并分别进行了浸水马歇尔试验、真空饱水马歇尔试验和冻融劈裂试验.研究表明,浸水马歇尔试验和真空饱水马歇尔试验无法模拟实际路面上空隙水受行车荷载作用对沥青膜的挤压破坏作用,不能准确地评价沥青混合料的水稳定性.而真空饱水率与冻融劈裂强度比之间存在良好的相关性,在饱水率为1.5 %～2.0 %时进行冻融劈裂试验可以较好的模拟沥青路面空隙水的存在状态和受力情况.因此,采用合理饱水率范围内冻融劈裂强度比来评价沥青混合料的水稳定性将更加可靠.     

Fatigue damage calculation for oil tanker and container ship structures

The fatigue behaviour of longitudinal stiffeners of oil tankers and container ships, subjected to dynamic loads, is analysed. The following dynamic load components are considered: hull girder vertical wave bending moment, alone and combined with the horizontal wave bending moment, hydrodynamic pressure and inertial forces caused by cargo acceleration.

The spectral method was selected to calculate the fatigue damage, based on S—N curves and Miner's rule. Following this approach, the fatigue damage may be calculated as a function of a stress parameter Ω_p, which represents the cumulative effect of wave induced loads in the unit of time and incorporates the combined effects of stress level and its occurring frequency.

Simple formulas for Ω_p of oil tankers and container ships are given, obtained from the results of hydrodynamic analyses performed on several ships, in different wave environments.

Several examples show the applicability of the methods to real ship structures. The method, however, still needs to be calibrated because of the simplifying hypotheses introduced in the loading conditions.     

Extensive study on the design loads used for strength assessment of tanker and bulk carrier structures

ClassNK has undertaken wide-ranging basic research covering many aspects related to the safety of ship structures, including design loads, structural analysis, strength assessment of buckling, collapse, and fatigue, and rational corrosion margins to develop new design standards which have transparency and consistency. Among the wide-ranging basic research, this article summarizes the results of extensive work on the design loads used for strength assessments of tanker and bulk carrier structures. The main aim of the research was to develop practical estimation methods of design loads with rational technical backgrounds relating to the actual loads acting on the primary structural members of tankers and bulk carriers. During this study, we proposed the following methodology. Design sea states that closely resemble the actual sea states which are considered to be the most severe for hull structures. Find practical estimation methods for the design sea states by parametric studies using the results of series calculations on representative tankers and bulk carriers. Find practical estimation methods for design regular waves which will result in the same level of stresses as those induced in irregular waves under the design sea states. We also briefly introduced some practical estimation methods for the design loads, such as ship motions, accelerations, hull-girder bending moments, and hydrodynamic pressures that are induced under design regular waves. The findings in this study have been summarized and implemented in the new design standards for tanker and bulk carrier structures.Updated from the Japanese original which won the 2003 SNAJ prize (J Soc Nav Archit Jpn 2002; 191:195–207; 2002; 191:208–220; and 2002; 192:723–733)     

大跨度桥梁损伤诊断研究

建立简化的汀九斜拉桥有限元模型 (FEM) ,计算该桥的动力特性 ,利用完备模态应变能法 (CMSE)进行该桥的损伤诊断数值仿真试验。结果表明简化的汀九斜拉桥 FEM能够反映真实结构的动力特性 :完备模态应变能法适用于低频密频的大跨度斜拉桥、悬索桥等柔性结构 ,并且只需少量低阶模态即可保证结构损伤诊断精度     

基于南海环境条件的半潜式钻井平台设计环境参数分析

南海环境条件复杂多变,深水、高压、低温、波流的不规则性以及内波的存在等使半潜式钻井平台设计面临重大挑战。研究海洋环境条件的意义是在现有的平台设计水平和设备技术水平条件下,确保该海域作业的半潜式钻井平台的作业性、安全性和经济性。研究南海海域的环境特征,可应用于南海半潜式钻井平台设计中不同工况的海况参数选取。     

铁路客车轮对踏面硌伤自动分析系统的研究与实现

为了解决客车轮对踏面硌伤人工分析效率低且质量不高的问题,基于大数据关联分析技术,构建了一套硌伤自动分析系统.从硌伤排查、自动分析、故障定位、统计分析4个方面分析系统的主要组成和功能,探讨了实现系统的关键技术.系统的应用提高了对客车轮对踏面硌伤分析和故障排查的效率.     

预制钢-混组合桥面板组装式连接静力及疲劳性能试验

桥梁建造由装配化向组装化的转换是未来桥梁工程发展的方向,钢-混组合桥梁是一种与工业化、组装化高度契合的结构形式;活性粉末混凝土等超高性能水泥基材料的应用为钢-混组合结构桥梁的轻型化和组装化提供了新的契机与挑战。提出基于高弹模和高韧性混凝土-粗骨料活性粉末混凝土的预制桥面板及板间组装式连接结构（CSL）,从而减轻结构自重、改善预制桥面板间的连接性能,实现桥梁结构的组装化作业,提升桥梁的建造质量和速度。通过四点弯曲试验考察预制粗骨料活性粉末混凝土桥面板及其干式连接结构的结构行为,分析加载全过程挠度的发展特点,探明极限承载能力及疲劳性能。静力试验结果表明：通过CSL连接而成的桥面板具有优异的变形能力和弯曲韧性,破坏均发生在粗骨料活性粉末混凝土板内,CSL的抗弯极限承载力高于粗骨料活性粉末混凝土桥面板;CSL的钢混连接面处弯曲初裂应力值不小于9.0 MPa,接近粗骨料活性粉末混凝土的弯曲初裂应力,并具有良好的裂缝约束能力。疲劳试验结果表明：CSL中的钢结构应力幅较小,经过800万次疲劳加载后,CSL连接桥面板未发生疲劳破坏,桥面板间连接焊缝应力幅仅26.8 MPa,不会出现疲劳破坏;CSL中的预加力对连接结构的静动力性能具有重要影响。     

西非海域外输系统中输油管的疲劳分析

外输系统在深水油田开发中得到了广泛应用,而其中输油管的疲劳问题是外输系统设计分析的关键。针对西非深水海域外输系统中的输油管展开疲劳特性分析,基于典型西非海况下外输系统整体时域耦合分析结果,对输油管时域应力曲线采用雨流计数法进行分析,然后根据合适的S-N曲线和Miner线性准则对输油管进行疲劳损伤计算。分析内容包括西非海域不同的环境条件对输油管疲劳的作用,穿梭油轮系泊情况下输油管的疲劳特性并考虑了横向升力对于输油管疲劳损伤的影响等。通过分析得出与输油管疲劳特性相关的环境参数及造成输油管疲劳损伤的主要因素,为输油管的设计与分析提供参照。