Identification of potential sites for deep-ocean waste isolation with a geographic site-selection model

Identification of optimal sites for the isolation of waste on the abyssal seafloor was performed with two approaches: by the traditional method of map overlays of relevant attributes, and by a specially developed, automated Site-Selection Model (SSM). Five initial, Surrogate Sites, identified with the map-overlay approach, were then compared with the more rigorously produced scores from the SSM. The SSM, a process for optimization of site locations, accepts subjective, expert-based judgments and transforms them into a quantitative, reproducible, and documented product. The SSM is adaptable to any siting scenario. Forty-one factors relevant to the isolation scenario, including 21 weightable factors having a total of 123 scorable categories, have been entered into the SSM. Factors are grouped under project definition, unique environments, anthropogenic, geologic, biologic, weather, oceanographic and distance criteria. The factor scores are linked to a georeferenced database array of all factors, corresponding to 1°×1° latitude–longitude squares. The SSM includes a total of 2241 one-degree squares within 1000 n.m. of the U.S. coasts, including the western North Atlantic, the Gulf of Mexico, and the eastern North Pacific. Under a carefully weighted and scored scenario of isolation, the most favorable sites identified with the SSM are on the Hatteras and Nares Abyssal Plains in the Atlantic. High-scoring sites are also located in the Pacific abyssal hills province between the Murray and Molokai Fracture Zones. Acceptable 1° squares in the Gulf of Mexico are few and of lower quality, with the optimum location on the northern Sigsbee Abyssal Plain. Two of the five Surrogate Site locations, on the Hatteras and Sigsbee Abyssal Plains, correspond to the best SSM sites in each ocean area. Two Pacific and a second Atlantic Surrogate Site are located in low-scoring regions or excluded by the SSM. Site-selection results from the SSM, although robust, are an initial attempt to quantify the site-selection process. The SSM database exposes a significant lack of high-quality information for many areally mappable attributes on the abyssal seafloor, particularly bottom-current speed and measures of biologic productivity and flux. Terminologies and classifications of some measures, such as sediment types, suffer from parochialism and vary by ocean. Considerable research is needed even for a broad understanding of the environmental measures required to make sound societal decisions about use of the abyssal seafloor for disposal or other purposes.     

电磁环境船模预测技术的误差分析研究

基于缩比船模原理,从模型限制误差、方法误差和问题本身的误差等方面分析电磁环境船模预测技术的主要误差源,并在此基础上分别论述上述误差源对电磁环境预测精度产生的影响.可以有针对性地采取相应措施控制误差,以更好地获取逼近于实船的电磁环境分布特性.     

剖析船员心理素质与大风浪安全操作

船舶大风浪操作安全与否与船员心理素质（包括恐惧心理、侥幸心理、麻痹心理、消极心理、急躁心理、主观心理）等方面有关。为此，我们要积极探讨船员的心理状态，引导船员增强心理素质，坚定克服困难的信心，充分做好思想准备和各方面的工作准备，严格遵守各项规章制度，沉着应对种种复杂的局面，确保船员生命安全，把经济损失控制到最少。这是国际公约、《海商法》、《安全生产法》赋予船员的责任和义务。     

The cost of not holding back the sea: Toward a national sample of economic vulnerability

Abstract

National and regional estimates of U.S. economic vulnerability to greenhouse‐induced sea‐level rise are produced from a sample of 30 discrete regions scattered evenly along the coastline. Scenarios that envision 50 cm, 100 cm, and 200 cm of greenhouse‐induced sea‐level rise are considered. They can be expected to place $39.2, $65.6, and $133.3 billion, respectively, (1989 dollars) of existing development in jeopardy through 2050, and $133.3, $308.7, and $909.4 billion through 2100. Sampling error and consideration of the uncertainty with which we currently view future greenhouse‐induced sea‐level rise places the 25th and 75th percentile values of expected cumulative vulnerability at $38.5 and $76.7 billion through 2050 and $132.6 and $362.4 billion through 2100. Not surprisingly, the southeast displays the largest potential vulnerability, with the northeast ranking second above both the Gulf coast and the west coast.     

地下工程建设对城市地下水环境的影响分析

研究目的：研究地下工程在施工和运营的过程中对地下水环境的影响，为地下工程的建设规划及地下水环境保护提供科学依据。研究结果：在总结地下工程建设对地下水环境影响基础上，以西安市城市轨道交通2号线为例，利用经验公式计算施工期车站基坑降水对地下水的影响，并采用数值模拟的方法预测地铁运营后对地下水流场的影响。地铁施工期的基坑降水只发生在张家堡站，中心水位下降6．3m，降水量为10454．15m^3／d，影响半径441m，对地下水流将产生一定的影响；地铁建成运营以后的地铁线路阻挡了地下水的径流，造成“迎水面”水位壅高，“背水面”水位降低，通过模拟水位变幅在0～1．7m。     

《国际安全与环境无害化拆船公约》制定进展与对我国的影响分析

文中分析了《国际安全与环境无害化拆船公约草案》的制定背景与进展，简要介绍了公约的内容与基本要求，介绍了国内拆船业的现状，在此基础上分析了公约生效后对我国相关行业可能产生的影响，并提出了我国在公约后续制定过程中所应采取的态度建议。     

Wave and sea level monitoring and prediction in the service module of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)

The need for a Global Ocean Observing System Global (GOOS) is now widely appreciated. Parts of GOOS are currently being implemented already. In this paper, written on the request of the joint Scientific and Technical Committee of GOOS, we present some of the scientific issues that need to be addressed for the further development of the Ocean and Marine Meteorology Service module of GOOS. This module is concerned with monitoring and prediction of sea level (both tsunamis and storm surges) and wind driven waves (wind–sea and swell), among other things. For each of these we discuss the current state-of-the-art, indicate what observations are needed and make suggestions for future modelling development.     

Host specificity in copepod parasites of deep-sea fishes

Parasitic copepods belonging to two orders, Siphonostomatoida and Poecilostomatoida, are frequently reported from fish hosts in the deep sea. Three families of copepods are most commonly encountered, Sphyriidae, Lernaeopodidae and Chondracanthidae, but members of another four families, Hatschekiidae, Pennellidae, Philichthyidae and Hyponeoidae, are occasionally recorded. These parasites utilise various deep demersal fishes as hosts, especially species of the most abundant families, Macrouridae, Moridae, Synaphobranchidae and Alepocephalidae. Host specificity levels are variable, as for shallow-water fishes. In contrast, few parasites are regularly reported from fishes inhabiting the pelagic water column away from the bottom and away from the near-surface zone. Only the pennellids Sarcotretes scopeli and Cardiodectes medusaeus appear common on pelagic fishes, in the Atlantic and Pacific respectively. Host specificity levels in these two pennellid species are relatively low. It is speculated that the difficulty of encountering a host in the vast pelagic biome has restricted the diversity of parasitic copepods that have successfully colonized pelagic fishes.     

浅谈海水环境的桥梁设计

通过辽宁省滨海公路的设计,积累了一些海水环境桥梁设计的经验,现总结成文,以期和同行切磋交流.     

南北航线江苏段海域通航环境安全评价

在层次分析法(AHP)、专家调查法和模糊决策理论的基础上,提出沿海通航环境系统多层次,多指标模糊决策理论模型,并将其应用于南北航线江苏海域通航环境安全评价的实际问题中,认为影响其船舶航行安全的主要因素是交通流量和航道,提出相应的改进措施。