外高桥新港区顺岸码头工程水环境质量影响预测数学模型

本文在外高桥顺岸码头工程水环境现状评价的基础上,采用沿水深积分平均的二维水流水质数学模型,结合一定的定解条件,建立了预测该项工程对周围水环境影响的水质数学模型。采用ADI数值计算方法离散控制方程,考虑到顺岸码头下游3km的上海合流污水竹园排放口工程,预测计算工程建成后产生的污染源对评价区水域的水质影响。计算时,主要讨论了化学耗氧量(COD_(Mn))的浓度增量。本模型也可以推广应用于其他河口、海岸流场和浓度场的计算预测研究。     

Carbonate chemistry dynamics and carbon dioxide fluxes across the atmosphere–ice–water interfaces in the Arctic Ocean: Pacific sector of the Arctic

Climatic changes in the Northern Hemisphere have led to remarkable environmental changes in the Arctic Ocean, which is surrounded by permafrost. These changes include significant shrinking of sea-ice cover in summer, increased time between sea-ice break-up and freeze-up, and Arctic surface water freshening and warming associated with melting sea-ice, thawing permafrost, and increased runoff. These changes are commonly attributed to the greenhouse effect resulting from increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration and other non-CO₂ radiatively active gases (methane, nitrous oxide). The greenhouse effect should be most pronounced in the Arctic where the largest air CO₂ concentrations and winter–summer variations in the world for a clean background environment were detected. However, the air–land–shelf interaction in the Arctic has a substantial impact on the composition of the overlying atmosphere; as the permafrost thaws, a significant amount of old terrestrial carbon becomes available for biogeochemical cycling and oxidation to CO₂. The Arctic Ocean's role in determining regional CO₂ balance has been ignored, because of its small size (only  4% of the world ocean area) and because its continuous sea-ice cover is considered to impede gaseous exchange with the atmosphere so efficiently that no global climate models include CO₂ exchange over sea-ice. In this paper we show that: (1) the Arctic shelf seas (the Laptev and East-Siberian seas) may become a strong source of atmospheric CO₂ because of oxidation of bio-available eroded terrestrial carbon and river transport; (2) the Chukchi Sea shelf exhibits the strong uptake of atmospheric CO₂; (3) the sea-ice melt ponds and open brine channels form an important spring/summer air CO₂ sink that also must be included in any Arctic regional CO₂ budget. Both the direction and amount of CO₂ transfer between air and sea during open water season may be different from transfer during freezing and thawing, or during winter when CO₂ accumulates beneath Arctic sea-ice; (4) direct measurements beneath the sea ice gave two initial results. First, a drastic pCO₂ decrease from 410 μatm to 288 μatm, which was recorded in February–March beneath the fast ice near Barrow using the SAMI-CO₂ sensor, may reflect increased photosynthetic activity beneath sea-ice just after polar sunrise. Second, new measurements made in summer 2005 beneath the sea ice in the Central Basin show relatively high values of pCO₂ ranging between 425 μatm and 475 μatm, values, which are larger than the mean atmospheric value in the Arctic in summertime. The sources of those high values are supposed to be: high rates of bacterial respiration, import of the Upper Halocline Water (UHW) from the Chukchi Sea (CS) where values of pCO₂ range between 400 and 600 μatm, a contribution from the Lena river plume, or any combination of these sources.     

板式无砟轨道交通引起的环境振动数值分析

利用已研究出的高速铁路动荷载,采用粘弹性边界,运用有限元法建立轨道-路基-大地二维动力分析模型,分析板式无砟轨道交通引起的振动在大地中的传播特性。计算分析表明:地表的振动强度随着离轨道中心线的距离增加而逐渐衰减。离轨道中心线近处,地表振动较强,而且加速度主要频段在20 Hz以上;离轨道中心线较远处,振动较小,加速度主要频段在10 Hz以下。随着离轨道中心距离的增加,加速度幅值随之减小,而且地表20 Hz以上的振动衰减得较快,10 Hz以下的振动衰减得较慢。     

与路面协调设计的公路路基设计指标及使用环境探讨

针对当前公路路基路面设计协调性差及规范的适用环境与当前公路使用环境、轴载状态差异问题,本着路基路面协调设计的思想,从影响路基结构特性的因素入手,研究了温度、湿度、荷载3大影响路基路面结构设计的主要因素,分析计算了不同环境、轴载状态下重载交通公路路基动应力、应变及公路工作区深度变化规律,揭示了在使用环境条件下进行路基结构设计的重要性.最后根据路基动应力、应变分析结果与控制标准,提出了适应重载交通的交通等级与设计标准轴载,以及适应重载交通高速公路的设计轴载与路基强度指标标准建议值,并基于与路面协调设计思想对使用环境下的公路路基设计提出了一些建议.     

电子方舱环境控制设计方法

主要从方舱的冷、热负荷计算方法,空调器的选型及安装,加热器的选型及安装等几个方面介绍了电子方舱的环境控制设计方法。     

双曲拱桥拆除施工安全控制及环境保护

针对某双曲拱桥拆除施工时的安全控制及环境保护问题,除了必须严格执行国家有关法律、法规以外,还重点探讨了拆除施工单位的基本质量要求、施工现场的安全及环境控制等方面,提出了拆除施工的操作流程,从而确保该双曲拱桥拆除施工能够顺利完成.     

导弹电磁环境干扰分析方法探讨

该文针对电磁环境与导弹的三种干扰耦合方式,提出了分析条件和定量计算方法,并给出导弹与电磁环境兼容性的评定判据。     

复杂电磁环境下反舰导弹抗干扰措施研究

针对未来海战场电磁环境日益复杂的现状,通过分析复杂电磁环境对反舰导弹作战使用的影响,综合当前电子干扰的典型技术及手段,研究了反舰导弹应对电子干扰的措施,为指导复杂电磁环境下反舰导弹的运用提供参考。     

节能环保措施在3500m~3/h绞吸式挖泥船上的应用

疏浚船舶是疏浚工作的必备船机设施,它的选型的好坏将直接影响到疏浚工作的效率与成败。阐述了中国船舶及海洋工程设计研究院为连云港港设计的3500m3/h绞吸式挖泥船的节能环保设计思路。重点介绍采用负载转移或功率管理分配等节能措施、采用变频电机取代液压泵站来驱动水下泵及水下绞刀的环保措施等。旨在投资额较为固定的要求下,选型、建造出一艘既技术先进,又节能环保,而且还要安全可靠、平稳高效的绞吸式挖泥船舶。