Inorganic carbon fluxes through the boundaries of the Greenland Sea Basin based on in situ observations and water transport estimates

A carbon budget for the exchange of total dissolved inorganic carbon C_T between the Greenland Sea and the surrounding seas has been constructed for winter and summer situations. An extensive data set of C_T collected over the years 1994–1997 within the European Sub-polar Ocean Programmes (ESOP1 and ESOP2) are used for the budget calculation. Based on these data, mean values of C_T in eight different boxes representing the inflow and outflow of water through the boundaries of the Greenland Sea Basin are estimated. The obtained values are then combined with simulated water transports taken from the ESOP2 version of the Miami Isopycnic Coordinate Ocean Model (MICOM). The fluxes of inorganic carbon are presented for three layers; a surface mixed layer, an intermediate layer and a deep layer, and the imbalance in the fluxes are attributed to air–sea exchange, biological fixation of inorganic carbon, and sedimentation. The main influx of carbon is found in the surface and the deep layers in the Fram Strait, and in the surface waters of direct Atlantic origin, whereas the main outflux is found in the surface layer over the Jan Mayen Fracture Zone and the Knipovich Ridge, transporting carbon into the Atlantic Ocean via the Denmark Strait and towards the Arctic Ocean via the Norwegian Sea, respectively. The flux calculation indicates that there is a net transport of carbon out of the Greenland Sea during wintertime. In the absence of biological activity, this imbalance is attributed to air sea exchange, and requires an oceanic uptake of CO₂ of 0.024±0.006 Gt C yr⁻¹. The flux calculations from the summer period are complicated by biological fixation of inorganic carbon, and show that data on organic carbon is required in order to estimate the air–sea exchange in the area.     

基于BLH框架的大深度载人潜水器总体性能的多学科设计优化

建立了一个大深度载人潜水器总体性能多学科设计优化的数学模型,并提出了BLH多学科设计优化框架来对大深度载人潜水器多学科设计优化数学模型进行构建.通过拉丁方试验设计方法对设计变量与多学科优化目标的相关性进行分析,最终得到满足性能指标要求的大深度载人潜水器总体设计优化结果.     

连云港海域围垦工程对水沙环境的影响*

基于嵌套的平面二维潮流泥沙数学模型,模拟了海州湾海域滨海示范区围垦工程实施前后的潮流场、悬沙分布,并采用实测资料对模型进行验证,分析围垦工程后计算海域潮流场、悬沙场及海床冲淤场的水沙环境的变化情况。结果表明：围垦后研究海域整体的潮流场和悬沙场变化较小,但围垦后附近海域纳潮量有所减小引起围区附近流速减小,围垦工程附近基本呈现淤积的状态,工程左侧吹填坑淤积强度较大,临洪河口则出现局部冲刷。     

节能环保措施在3500m~3/h绞吸式挖泥船上的应用

疏浚船舶是疏浚工作的必备船机设施,它的选型的好坏将直接影响到疏浚工作的效率与成败。阐述了中国船舶及海洋工程设计研究院为连云港港设计的3500m3/h绞吸式挖泥船的节能环保设计思路。重点介绍采用负载转移或功率管理分配等节能措施、采用变频电机取代液压泵站来驱动水下泵及水下绞刀的环保措施等。旨在投资额较为固定的要求下,选型、建造出一艘既技术先进,又节能环保,而且还要安全可靠、平稳高效的绞吸式挖泥船舶。     

铝基牺牲阳极在天津港海泥中的应用

由于天津港的回淤性特质,使得一些码头(尤其是老码头)钢结构的牺牲阳极被不同程度的掩埋,导致牺牲阳极阴极保护系统使用寿命和效果降低,从而影响整个码头结构的安全和使用寿命。针对上述问题,提出了一种采用Al-Zn-In-Si系牺牲阳极复合外包填包料的海泥区阴极保护新方法,并将其应用于实际工程中。工程实践表明,该牺牲阳极阴极保护系统的保护效果良好,对解决天津港中被海泥严重掩埋的钢结构的阴极保护具有积极意义。     

Policy considerations for wetland wastewater treatment in the coastal zone: A case study for Louisiana

Two major environmental problems currently affecting the Louisiana coastal zone are a high rate of wetland loss and high levels of surface water pollution. The application of secondarily treated wastewater to wetlands can be a means of dealing with both of these problems. The benefits of wetland wastewater treatment include improved surface water quality, increased accretion rates to balance a high relative water level rise due mainly to subsidence, improved plant productivity and habitat quality, and decreased capital outlays for conventional engineering treatment systems. Wetland treatment systems can, therefore, be designed and operated to restore deteriorating wetlands. Hydrologically altered wetlands, which are common in the Louisiana coastal zone, are appropriate for receiving municipal and some types of industrial effluent. While the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has determined wetland wastewater treatment is effective in treating municipal effluent, it has discouraged the use of natural wetlands for this purpose. At the same time, funds are being used for the construction of artificial wetlands to treat municipal effluent. In the Louisiana coastal zone, however, wetlands are deteriorating and disappearing due to hydrological alteration and a high rate of relative sea level rise. If no action is taken, these trends will continue. Effluent discharge to existing wetlands should be incorporated into a comprehensive management plan designed to increase sediment and nutrient input into subsiding wetlands in the Louisiana coastal zone, improve water quality, and result in more economical waste‐water treatment. The authors believe that the Louisiana example serves as a model for other coastal areas especially in light of projections of accelerated sea level rise.     

一种低桩宽承台卸荷板式海堤在限制环境下的应用

海滨城市建设海堤经常受相邻桥隧的影响,建设条件受到各种限制,传统的大型土石方海堤已无法满足要求。因此,提出一种低桩宽承台卸荷板式海堤,该结构能适应打桩设备小、施工作业面狭窄、地质条件差且不能换填、地面荷载大及防腐要求高等不利条件。采用MIDAS/GTS NX软件对结构进行三维数值模拟计算,并现场监测收集变形数据,结果表明,该结构具有桩基弯矩小、水平位移小、整体稳定性好等优点。     

珠海桂山岛十三湾防波堤修复加固方案

针对开敞海域防波堤结构遭遇风浪袭击而破坏的问题,分析破坏原因并选择适用的修复加固方案。引用较为详实的的风、浪、水流等资料,特别考虑了近些年出现的几个强、超强台风对工程海区风浪的影响,通过规范计算与模型试验相结合的方式,确定防波堤堤顶高程、护面块体质量等主要设计参数及断面结构形式。同时,从防波堤使用功能及港内泊稳条件的角度考虑,优化防波堤平面布置。结合模型试验研究成果,提出了针对性较强的修复加固及优化布置方案,对类似工程具有一定的借鉴意义。     

基于北斗的船用焚烧炉船岸一体化监控

针对当前船用焚烧炉运行状况难以监控的弊端,提出一种利用北斗卫星导航系统的报文功能对船用焚烧炉进行船岸一体化的监控方案,并讲述了几种判断船员是否违规向海洋倾倒垃圾和污油的方法。在船端,利用传感器、PLC、触摸屏等技术对船用焚烧炉工作时间、污油处理量、固体垃圾处理量、工作时间等数据进行实时监控。借助北斗卫星导航系统的报文功能,把以上数据送到岸端海事部门和船舶管理公司供监控应用。该监控方案实现了对船用焚烧炉船岸一体化监控,有效杜绝了船员污染海洋行为的产生,创新了海洋环境保护的新模式。     

开敞海域淤泥质深水航道设计年回淤量计算方法及应用

连云港港深水航道是开敞海域淤泥质浅滩深水航道的典型。航道回淤规律和实践表明,连云港淤泥质浅滩深水航道中风天回淤量为航道回淤的主体,占年回淤总量的60%左右。由于中风天频率年际变化较大,导致航道年际回淤水平变幅较大。现有设计回淤量计算模式均未考虑风天分级。提出了“按小、中、大3个概化波浪动力计算回淤强度、再组合各自波浪频率得到设计回淤量”的开敞海域淤泥质浅滩深水航道设计年回淤量计算方法。该方法能够较为合理地体现全年波浪水平和波浪频率年际间差异对年回淤量的影响程度,显著提高了设计年回淤量预报精度,为合理确定开敞海域淤泥质浅滩深水航道的设计年回淤量水平和变化范围、正确评价航道的稳定性和技术可行性提供科学依据。经连云港区25万吨级航道和徐圩港区10万吨级航道工程实践检验,预报回淤量与实际回淤量偏差不超过25%。