钦州湾湾口填海对茅尾海水交换能力的影响

以溶解态的保守物质作为示踪剂,建立茅尾海水交换平面二维数学模型,采用开边界污染物浓度梯度与内侧一致假定考虑了边界污染物回归,计算分析了钦州湾湾口两侧大范围填海工程对茅尾海纳潮量和水体半交换周期的影响情况。研究表明：龙门海峡通道顺畅是维持茅尾海纳潮量的关键因素,湾口宽度保持9.4 km以上茅尾海内纳潮量和水体半交换周期基本不受湾口填海工程影响。     

关于在海上风电场风机建设海上航行障碍灯警示设施初探

文中基于航空障碍灯的应用标准,比较航标灯通用技术条件,结合海上风电场建设安全状况和海事监管现状,对风电场通航安全设施和安全信号标准进行研究,并初步形成了在海上风电场风机设立海上航行障碍灯警示设施的方案.     

土体固结剂(HEC)在军事工程中的应用探讨

根据高强高耐水土体固结剂(HEC)的性能和特点,结合现代军事工程的要求,分析了HEC在军用道路工程、野战防护工程以及海岸港口等军事工程的应用可行性,探讨了如何在军事工程中的应用问题。     

Port authorities view state coastal management programs

Abstract

An estuarine sanctuary is a store of public values due to the ecological, cultural, recreational, aesthetic, historic, and economic services provided by the preserve. These values may be expected to increase over time because of (1) growth in the population demanding estuarine services, (2) growth in the willingness to pay for such services, and (3) growth in the actual quality and quantity of services which are provided by a protected natural system. Thus an estuarine sanctuary will be more valuable to future generations than to current generations. When weighing the cost and benefits of a preservation or development decision, a preservation decision which seems currently undesirable may in fact be socially beneficial when growth in the value of estuarine services is included.     

Breakthrough innovations in intermodal freight transport

Breakthrough innovations, whether technological, organizational or both, are a necessity if the market share of intermodal freight transport is to expand. The main growth potential lies in the markets for flows over short distances, for perishable and high-value commodities, for small consignments, and for flows that demand speed, reliability and flexibility. It will take radical innovations to produce a breakthrough in the modal split and allow these new markets to be conquered. This special issue is based on papers presented at an international conference on freight transport automation and multimodality, held in Delft in May 2002, that are illustrative of the direction of breakthrough research and development (R&D) aimed at increasing the market share for intermodal transport.     

Extensive study on the design loads used for strength assessment of tanker and bulk carrier structures

ClassNK has undertaken wide-ranging basic research covering many aspects related to the safety of ship structures, including design loads, structural analysis, strength assessment of buckling, collapse, and fatigue, and rational corrosion margins to develop new design standards which have transparency and consistency. Among the wide-ranging basic research, this article summarizes the results of extensive work on the design loads used for strength assessments of tanker and bulk carrier structures. The main aim of the research was to develop practical estimation methods of design loads with rational technical backgrounds relating to the actual loads acting on the primary structural members of tankers and bulk carriers. During this study, we proposed the following methodology. Design sea states that closely resemble the actual sea states which are considered to be the most severe for hull structures. Find practical estimation methods for the design sea states by parametric studies using the results of series calculations on representative tankers and bulk carriers. Find practical estimation methods for design regular waves which will result in the same level of stresses as those induced in irregular waves under the design sea states. We also briefly introduced some practical estimation methods for the design loads, such as ship motions, accelerations, hull-girder bending moments, and hydrodynamic pressures that are induced under design regular waves. The findings in this study have been summarized and implemented in the new design standards for tanker and bulk carrier structures.Updated from the Japanese original which won the 2003 SNAJ prize (J Soc Nav Archit Jpn 2002; 191:195–207; 2002; 191:208–220; and 2002; 192:723–733)     

Inorganic carbon fluxes through the boundaries of the Greenland Sea Basin based on in situ observations and water transport estimates

A carbon budget for the exchange of total dissolved inorganic carbon C_T between the Greenland Sea and the surrounding seas has been constructed for winter and summer situations. An extensive data set of C_T collected over the years 1994–1997 within the European Sub-polar Ocean Programmes (ESOP1 and ESOP2) are used for the budget calculation. Based on these data, mean values of C_T in eight different boxes representing the inflow and outflow of water through the boundaries of the Greenland Sea Basin are estimated. The obtained values are then combined with simulated water transports taken from the ESOP2 version of the Miami Isopycnic Coordinate Ocean Model (MICOM). The fluxes of inorganic carbon are presented for three layers; a surface mixed layer, an intermediate layer and a deep layer, and the imbalance in the fluxes are attributed to air–sea exchange, biological fixation of inorganic carbon, and sedimentation. The main influx of carbon is found in the surface and the deep layers in the Fram Strait, and in the surface waters of direct Atlantic origin, whereas the main outflux is found in the surface layer over the Jan Mayen Fracture Zone and the Knipovich Ridge, transporting carbon into the Atlantic Ocean via the Denmark Strait and towards the Arctic Ocean via the Norwegian Sea, respectively. The flux calculation indicates that there is a net transport of carbon out of the Greenland Sea during wintertime. In the absence of biological activity, this imbalance is attributed to air sea exchange, and requires an oceanic uptake of CO₂ of 0.024±0.006 Gt C yr⁻¹. The flux calculations from the summer period are complicated by biological fixation of inorganic carbon, and show that data on organic carbon is required in order to estimate the air–sea exchange in the area.     

基于盲数理论的我国海上战略通道安全风险评价

对我国海上战略通道进行安全风险评价是保障海上通道安全的重要环节。由于海上战略通道的安全风险具有多种不确定性，故可运用盲数理论建立我国海上战略通道安全风险等级评价的盲数模型。通过专家打分的方法对影响因素进行未确知测度，构造判断矩阵获得影响因素的权重，从而得到模型的综合未确知测度，根据既定的评价准则获得海上通道的安全风险级别。文中对我国重要的海上通道马六甲海峡进行了安全风险评价，其评价结果为：马六甲海峡的安全级别为较危险级别，验证了该盲数模型的有效性。     

有移动热源的海上大空间通风技术研究

由于有某种热源在海上大空间内移动,使得大空间通风系统也与其他一般大舱空间的通风系统不同.目前国内外对海上大空间通风系统尚无明确的规范及要求.在对大空间通风进行模型试验研究和相应的计算机模拟计算基础上,确定大空间通风系统初步方案,为大空间通风系统设计提供科学合理的试验和理论依据.     

“石亭江预案”启示录

面对天灾人祸,我们有多少无奈、痛心疾首。面对海、陆、空交通运输高风险的行业特点,在每一次灾难性事件发生过后,我们有多少专家深入现场对黑匣子、事件始末进行过反复论证。本文尝试对"石亭江预案"要素加以分析,以期抛砖引玉,巩固提高我们航运业预案的水准。