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231.
Toshiyuki?Shigemi Tingyao?ZhuEmail author 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》2004,9(3):95-108
ClassNK has undertaken wide-ranging basic research covering many aspects related to the safety of ship structures, including design loads, structural analysis, strength assessment of buckling, collapse, and fatigue, and rational corrosion margins to develop new design standards which have transparency and consistency. Among the wide-ranging basic research, this article summarizes the results of extensive work on the design loads used for strength assessments of tanker and bulk carrier structures. The main aim of the research was to develop practical estimation methods of design loads with rational technical backgrounds relating to the actual loads acting on the primary structural members of tankers and bulk carriers. During this study, we proposed the following methodology. Design sea states that closely resemble the actual sea states which are considered to be the most severe for hull structures. Find practical estimation methods for the design sea states by parametric studies using the results of series calculations on representative tankers and bulk carriers. Find practical estimation methods for design regular waves which will result in the same level of stresses as those induced in irregular waves under the design sea states. We also briefly introduced some practical estimation methods for the design loads, such as ship motions, accelerations, hull-girder bending moments, and hydrodynamic pressures that are induced under design regular waves. The findings in this study have been summarized and implemented in the new design standards for tanker and bulk carrier structures.Updated from the Japanese original which won the 2003 SNAJ prize (J Soc Nav Archit Jpn 2002; 191:195–207; 2002; 191:208–220; and 2002; 192:723–733) 相似文献
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Melissa Chierici Helge Drange Leif G. Anderson Truls Johannessen 《Journal of Marine Systems》1999,22(4):1532
A carbon budget for the exchange of total dissolved inorganic carbon CT between the Greenland Sea and the surrounding seas has been constructed for winter and summer situations. An extensive data set of CT collected over the years 1994–1997 within the European Sub-polar Ocean Programmes (ESOP1 and ESOP2) are used for the budget calculation. Based on these data, mean values of CT in eight different boxes representing the inflow and outflow of water through the boundaries of the Greenland Sea Basin are estimated. The obtained values are then combined with simulated water transports taken from the ESOP2 version of the Miami Isopycnic Coordinate Ocean Model (MICOM). The fluxes of inorganic carbon are presented for three layers; a surface mixed layer, an intermediate layer and a deep layer, and the imbalance in the fluxes are attributed to air–sea exchange, biological fixation of inorganic carbon, and sedimentation. The main influx of carbon is found in the surface and the deep layers in the Fram Strait, and in the surface waters of direct Atlantic origin, whereas the main outflux is found in the surface layer over the Jan Mayen Fracture Zone and the Knipovich Ridge, transporting carbon into the Atlantic Ocean via the Denmark Strait and towards the Arctic Ocean via the Norwegian Sea, respectively. The flux calculation indicates that there is a net transport of carbon out of the Greenland Sea during wintertime. In the absence of biological activity, this imbalance is attributed to air sea exchange, and requires an oceanic uptake of CO2 of 0.024±0.006 Gt C yr−1. The flux calculations from the summer period are complicated by biological fixation of inorganic carbon, and show that data on organic carbon is required in order to estimate the air–sea exchange in the area. 相似文献
234.
对我国海上战略通道进行安全风险评价是保障海上通道安全的重要环节。由于海上战略通道的安全风险具有多种不确定性,故可运用盲数理论建立我国海上战略通道安全风险等级评价的盲数模型。通过专家打分的方法对影响因素进行未确知测度,构造判断矩阵获得影响因素的权重,从而得到模型的综合未确知测度,根据既定的评价准则获得海上通道的安全风险级别。文中对我国重要的海上通道马六甲海峡进行了安全风险评价,其评价结果为:马六甲海峡的安全级别为较危险级别,验证了该盲数模型的有效性。 相似文献
235.
近年来,城市及交通建设发展迅速,随着上部结构荷载的增大及容许沉降的减小,深长桩的应用越来越广泛。深长桩的力学性态分析成为桩基础研究中一个非常重要的组成部分,桩顶荷载一位移曲线是桩基础设计的核心内容。 相似文献
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运用Lem aitre损伤规律对土木工程中使用的混凝土圆截面桩受压弯荷载下进行损伤分析,推导了无量纲轴向力和无量纲弯矩的表达式,计算了不同失效应变对应的弯矩规律,以及不同失效应变和中性轴的无量纲位移之间的关系。分析结果可作为估算实际工程中混凝土圆截面桩抗弯承载力的参考依据。 相似文献
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随着桥梁的发展,桥梁的问题也逐渐增多,近年来,我国出现了多起桥梁安全事故,主要是因为桥梁的变形产生,而挠度为桥梁变形的指标,故研究梁的挠度识别很重要。首先,通过分析和介绍位移模态理论与应变模态理论的异同点,以及应变模态理论得到梁的应变模态的表示,在此基础上,提出了互关函数在梁动挠度识别中的应用。然后,通过以实际工程为研究对象,按照1∶10的比例建立桥梁实验模型,桥梁模型全长10m,截面积为2.52cm^2,高50mm,将其分成20段,每0.5m为一个单元,计算其挠度。最后,进行实际桥梁验证,将实际桥梁的测量值与桥梁模型的挠度计算值进行对比。通过实验得到,对梁施加脉冲荷载研究其动挠度的识别值与精确值之间的吻合度,并且得到测量点的布置对吻合度的影响。对梁施加动荷载,即EL CENTRO地震波,通过对比研究动荷载作用下,动挠度的识别值和精确值之间的吻合度,得到互关函数法在动挠度中的应用,对同类型的研究具体一定的参考价值。 相似文献