清水冲刷推移质输沙率变化规律

分析恒定清水冲刷水槽试验资料发现,推移质输沙率变化可分为两个阶段,即时均稳定阶段和衰减阶段。通过机理分析,建立了该两个阶段的计算公式,计算结果与试验资料吻合良好。该式可用来估算任一河段及任一时刻推移质输沙量及冲刷剖面。     

城市轨道交通各发展阶段的运行特征及在公交系统中的作用

城市轨道交通网络的形成分为三个发展阶段:成网前阶段,轨道骨架网阶段和稳定的轨道网络阶段.分析了不同发展阶段轨道交通运行特征指标的取值范围,采用客运量和客运周转量指标研究了轨道交通不同发展阶段在公共交通系统中所起的作用.     

关于非均匀沙悬移质不平衡输沙问题

本文从水流挟沙能力基本概念出发,根据非均匀沙悬沙与床沙交换的基本形式,导出了非均匀沙平衡及不平衡输沙时水流挟沙能力基本公式,进一步揭示了非均匀沙输沙机理.文中理论较完善,概念较清晰.公式简明.适用范围广.可用于一、二维泥沙数学模型.     

路堤荷载下复合地基变形及荷载传递规律研究

基于文献[1]推荐的竖向变形模式及文献[2]推荐的径向变形模式,利用弹性理论及桩 土位移协调条件建立了桩及桩周土的控制微分方程,并由此推出了路堤荷载作用下复合地基加固区内桩及桩周土压缩量计算的解析算式,同时得出了桩、桩周土中竖向应力及桩侧剪应力计算的解析算式。为验证本文方法的可行性,通过算例将本文方法所得结果与有限元结果进行了对比,同时也与模型实验结果进行了比较。算例及模型实验结果均表明,本文方法对分析路堤荷载作用下复合地基的荷载传递规律及加固区的变形具有足够的精度,且该法计算工作量小,便于工程应用。     

客运专线无砟轨道系统设计

根据我国客运专线的工程特点,无砟轨道结构选型应遵循施工性、维护性、动力性、适应性和经济性的5个基本原则,并给出2类无砟轨道的性能.在研究确定无砟轨道设计理论和原则的基础上,建议设计轮重取静轮重的3倍、疲劳检算轮重取静轮重的1.5倍.板式无砟轨道不同弹性模量的砂浆垫层对轨下基础刚度的影响不同,建议研发新型填充层材料.合理确定无砟轨道的弹性,建议轨下基础刚度的合理范围为20～30kN·mm-1.通过定期打磨钢轨和钢轨无缝化,降低噪音;通过降低轨道刚度、提高轨道参振质量,降低线路下部结构物的振动.无砟轨道的设计寿命应为60年,为此应制定相应的维修标准和管理办法.     

在源逆变在大功率电子负载上的应用

介绍一种全自动电子负载，它利用一种新型的晶闸管触发装置，有效解决了有源逆变器易发生颠覆的难题，具体阐述了它在大容量蓄电池组和大功率电源中作电子负载时的，指出其在节约能源，提高效率，降低生产成本方面的现实意义。     

城市轨道车辆空调问题的探讨

本文通过分析城市轨道车辆的特点,对其空调热负荷的计算和室内舒适性条件进行了研究,并对如何确定外气温湿度、载客量、室内温湿度、新风量、粉尘含量、微风速等计算参数提出了建议.     

船体破损后外载荷与船体极限弯矩

基于船舶不沉性理论，运用符拉索夫抗沉性计算法确定船舶破损后浮态参数之后，作出波浪上船舶破损浮力曲线，继而计算了波浪弯矩和波浪剪力；并用非对称梁弯曲理论建立了破损模型，将外载荷与破口联系在一起研究了破损船舶极限弯矩，通过实例计算得出了预想结果。     

Carbonate chemistry dynamics and carbon dioxide fluxes across the atmosphere–ice–water interfaces in the Arctic Ocean: Pacific sector of the Arctic

Climatic changes in the Northern Hemisphere have led to remarkable environmental changes in the Arctic Ocean, which is surrounded by permafrost. These changes include significant shrinking of sea-ice cover in summer, increased time between sea-ice break-up and freeze-up, and Arctic surface water freshening and warming associated with melting sea-ice, thawing permafrost, and increased runoff. These changes are commonly attributed to the greenhouse effect resulting from increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration and other non-CO₂ radiatively active gases (methane, nitrous oxide). The greenhouse effect should be most pronounced in the Arctic where the largest air CO₂ concentrations and winter–summer variations in the world for a clean background environment were detected. However, the air–land–shelf interaction in the Arctic has a substantial impact on the composition of the overlying atmosphere; as the permafrost thaws, a significant amount of old terrestrial carbon becomes available for biogeochemical cycling and oxidation to CO₂. The Arctic Ocean's role in determining regional CO₂ balance has been ignored, because of its small size (only  4% of the world ocean area) and because its continuous sea-ice cover is considered to impede gaseous exchange with the atmosphere so efficiently that no global climate models include CO₂ exchange over sea-ice. In this paper we show that: (1) the Arctic shelf seas (the Laptev and East-Siberian seas) may become a strong source of atmospheric CO₂ because of oxidation of bio-available eroded terrestrial carbon and river transport; (2) the Chukchi Sea shelf exhibits the strong uptake of atmospheric CO₂; (3) the sea-ice melt ponds and open brine channels form an important spring/summer air CO₂ sink that also must be included in any Arctic regional CO₂ budget. Both the direction and amount of CO₂ transfer between air and sea during open water season may be different from transfer during freezing and thawing, or during winter when CO₂ accumulates beneath Arctic sea-ice; (4) direct measurements beneath the sea ice gave two initial results. First, a drastic pCO₂ decrease from 410 μatm to 288 μatm, which was recorded in February–March beneath the fast ice near Barrow using the SAMI-CO₂ sensor, may reflect increased photosynthetic activity beneath sea-ice just after polar sunrise. Second, new measurements made in summer 2005 beneath the sea ice in the Central Basin show relatively high values of pCO₂ ranging between 425 μatm and 475 μatm, values, which are larger than the mean atmospheric value in the Arctic in summertime. The sources of those high values are supposed to be: high rates of bacterial respiration, import of the Upper Halocline Water (UHW) from the Chukchi Sea (CS) where values of pCO₂ range between 400 and 600 μatm, a contribution from the Lena river plume, or any combination of these sources.     

铁路隧道基底脱空条件下的动力响应分析

列车荷载作用是诱发在役隧道基底病害的主要原因。为分析隧道基底脱空条件下对列车荷载的响应问题,以某铁路隧道工程Ⅲ级围岩正常断面为对象,通过现场在隧道铺底顶面埋设压力盒,对铺底混凝土层受力进行测试;在此基础上,通过数值计算,重点分析列车荷载作用下基底不同脱空长度下的基底中心线、轨道处与轨枕端头处的应力分布规律及铺底顶面振动特性。结果表明:在铺底顶面,动压力在轨道、轨枕端头处与基底中心线处分别为80,20 k Pa和60 kPa。经计算模拟,基底存在40 cm与80 cm宽脱空区时,在轨枕端头处、轨道处及中心线处应力规律基本一致,在脱空区处应力出现先减小再增加现象,且轨道处突变最大,脱空区侧壁处存在应力集中现象,脱空区影响深度范围约2 m。80 cm宽脱空区在数值上与40 cm宽脱空区相比,基底动应力、铺底顶面加速度与振动位移的最大增幅分别为50%、30%和3%。