Policy considerations for wetland wastewater treatment in the coastal zone: A case study for Louisiana

Two major environmental problems currently affecting the Louisiana coastal zone are a high rate of wetland loss and high levels of surface water pollution. The application of secondarily treated wastewater to wetlands can be a means of dealing with both of these problems. The benefits of wetland wastewater treatment include improved surface water quality, increased accretion rates to balance a high relative water level rise due mainly to subsidence, improved plant productivity and habitat quality, and decreased capital outlays for conventional engineering treatment systems. Wetland treatment systems can, therefore, be designed and operated to restore deteriorating wetlands. Hydrologically altered wetlands, which are common in the Louisiana coastal zone, are appropriate for receiving municipal and some types of industrial effluent. While the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has determined wetland wastewater treatment is effective in treating municipal effluent, it has discouraged the use of natural wetlands for this purpose. At the same time, funds are being used for the construction of artificial wetlands to treat municipal effluent. In the Louisiana coastal zone, however, wetlands are deteriorating and disappearing due to hydrological alteration and a high rate of relative sea level rise. If no action is taken, these trends will continue. Effluent discharge to existing wetlands should be incorporated into a comprehensive management plan designed to increase sediment and nutrient input into subsiding wetlands in the Louisiana coastal zone, improve water quality, and result in more economical waste‐water treatment. The authors believe that the Louisiana example serves as a model for other coastal areas especially in light of projections of accelerated sea level rise.     

The cost of not holding back the sea: Toward a national sample of economic vulnerability

Abstract

National and regional estimates of U.S. economic vulnerability to greenhouse‐induced sea‐level rise are produced from a sample of 30 discrete regions scattered evenly along the coastline. Scenarios that envision 50 cm, 100 cm, and 200 cm of greenhouse‐induced sea‐level rise are considered. They can be expected to place $39.2, $65.6, and $133.3 billion, respectively, (1989 dollars) of existing development in jeopardy through 2050, and $133.3, $308.7, and $909.4 billion through 2100. Sampling error and consideration of the uncertainty with which we currently view future greenhouse‐induced sea‐level rise places the 25th and 75th percentile values of expected cumulative vulnerability at $38.5 and $76.7 billion through 2050 and $132.6 and $362.4 billion through 2100. Not surprisingly, the southeast displays the largest potential vulnerability, with the northeast ranking second above both the Gulf coast and the west coast.     

State ocean policy initiatives in Florida

Abstract

A territorial sea comprising 6.7 million acres of offshore lands extending three geographic miles into the Atlantic Ocean three marine leagues (nine geographic miles) into the Gulf of Mexico makes Florida the second largest “oceanowning”; state in the contiguous United States. Florida's history, climate, economic development, and worldwide reputation have evolved from the state's relationship with the sea. The state is now becoming aware that aggressive management of its ocean resources is necessary to preserve the future of that relationship. The purpose of this article is to present some of Florida's recent legal and policy initiatives that have been directed toward better understanding and management of ocean resources and uses.     

徐圩新区达标尾水排海工程项目运行管理研究

徐圩新区达标尾水排海工程项目作为连云港石化产业基地重要的基础设施,主要解决石化基地各企业污水处理达标后的最终排放问题.达标尾水排海工程项目的 稳定运行是石化基地的重要保障.为此,结合徐圩新区达标尾水排海工程的基本情况,对相关风险点及存在问题进行梳理,并提出运行管理实施方案来指导项目的 运行.     

STAAD.Pro在海洋工程模块吊装设计中的应用

对STAAD.Pro软件在海洋工程模块建造的加工设计阶段的应用进行了探讨。通过STAAD.Pro软件的可视化操作平台,对实际海洋工程模块进行建模、加载、计算和分析,通过计算得出模块的质量和质心位置,并根据规范对模块进行整体强度校核,从而对海洋工程模块的吊点布置及其吊装过程起到实际的指导作用。     

基于群组行为的大学校园楼梯及通道行人运动特征分析

为探讨不同场景中行人群组运动的微观特征,并比较不同类型群组运动差异,本文通过大学校园内楼梯上及通道内的观测实验,获取行人运动的相关数据,研究了群组大小、社会关系、运动场景和性别对群组运动的影响. 结果表明：大学校园内行人成组比例低于商场周围行人成组比例;群组成员间的交流方式等因素会影响群组构型;由于群组成员越多相互协调就越困难,所以群组规模越大,其速度越小;此外,男性群组速度大于女性群组速度,情侣间频繁的交流也会对其速度产生负面影响;就差异性而言,2 人和3 人群组间的速度差异小于单人和2 人群组间的速度差异;单个行人不同性别间的速度差异大于2 人和3 人群组不同性别间的速度差异;楼梯上单人与群组的速度差异没有通道内明显.     

国内外汽车物流业发展研究

介绍了国内外整车物流的发展现状，列举了目前国内整车物流的问题并提出了发展整车物流的建议．     

传统治河文化应用于航道工程设计

以两个航道工程设计实例说明传统治河文化在航道整治工程设计中的应用,倡导航道工作者更好地承传和发展传统文化。     

地铁屏蔽门系统构成分析

文章较详细地介绍了广州地铁使用的屏蔽门系统,重点是它的机械和电气部分的组成和作用.     

基于鲁棒性的空调自控系统设计

分析了空调自控系统的主要特性,并介绍了一种基于组合自校正控制策略的自适应控制算法,同时采取一些解决工程实际问题的辅助措施,以增强系统的抗干扰能力和对未建模动态、时变参数的鲁棒性.