船舶海水管系腐蚀的原因及防腐蚀措施

海水作为含盐量非常高的天然腐蚀溶液,对船舶海水管系的腐蚀是巨大且无法避免的。主要分析了船舶海水管系不同的腐蚀机理、腐蚀因素、腐蚀形式,以及影响腐蚀的因素。针对海水管系腐蚀特点。提出海水管系常用的保护方式,以尽量减少海水管系的腐蚀及由此带来的危险。     

船用系泊绞车在某外海开敞式大型减载平台中的应用

某外海开敞式大型散货减载平台靠泊船型较大,船舶靠泊作业时受风、浪、水流影响较大。而大型船舶的船用系泊设施数量相对固定,在较为恶劣的作业条件下,设施较难满足船舶的系泊要求,需要通过拖轮顶推协助才能满足船体约束。在平台上设置船用系泊绞车可增加船舶带缆的缆绳数量,重新分配各缆绳的受力状态,有效提高船舶靠泊作业的安全性,对类似工程具有借鉴意义。     

State ocean policy initiatives in Florida

Abstract

A territorial sea comprising 6.7 million acres of offshore lands extending three geographic miles into the Atlantic Ocean three marine leagues (nine geographic miles) into the Gulf of Mexico makes Florida the second largest “oceanowning”; state in the contiguous United States. Florida's history, climate, economic development, and worldwide reputation have evolved from the state's relationship with the sea. The state is now becoming aware that aggressive management of its ocean resources is necessary to preserve the future of that relationship. The purpose of this article is to present some of Florida's recent legal and policy initiatives that have been directed toward better understanding and management of ocean resources and uses.     

中国及附近海域船舶对台风的避让

西北太平洋,尤其是中国及其附近海域是船舶航行比较密集的区域,也是台风活动非常频繁的海域。成功避让台风不仅意味着保证船舶安全,还需要避免不合理绕航、滞航等带来的时间和经济损失。台风的活动是有一定的规律的,不断积累和交流在该区域内的避台经验对于驾驶员来说十分重要。介绍了几条具体航线上的避台措施,供船舶驾驶员参考。     

铝基牺牲阳极在天津港海泥中的应用

由于天津港的回淤性特质,使得一些码头(尤其是老码头)钢结构的牺牲阳极被不同程度的掩埋,导致牺牲阳极阴极保护系统使用寿命和效果降低,从而影响整个码头结构的安全和使用寿命。针对上述问题,提出了一种采用Al-Zn-In-Si系牺牲阳极复合外包填包料的海泥区阴极保护新方法,并将其应用于实际工程中。工程实践表明,该牺牲阳极阴极保护系统的保护效果良好,对解决天津港中被海泥严重掩埋的钢结构的阴极保护具有积极意义。     

Host specificity in copepod parasites of deep-sea fishes

Parasitic copepods belonging to two orders, Siphonostomatoida and Poecilostomatoida, are frequently reported from fish hosts in the deep sea. Three families of copepods are most commonly encountered, Sphyriidae, Lernaeopodidae and Chondracanthidae, but members of another four families, Hatschekiidae, Pennellidae, Philichthyidae and Hyponeoidae, are occasionally recorded. These parasites utilise various deep demersal fishes as hosts, especially species of the most abundant families, Macrouridae, Moridae, Synaphobranchidae and Alepocephalidae. Host specificity levels are variable, as for shallow-water fishes. In contrast, few parasites are regularly reported from fishes inhabiting the pelagic water column away from the bottom and away from the near-surface zone. Only the pennellids Sarcotretes scopeli and Cardiodectes medusaeus appear common on pelagic fishes, in the Atlantic and Pacific respectively. Host specificity levels in these two pennellid species are relatively low. It is speculated that the difficulty of encountering a host in the vast pelagic biome has restricted the diversity of parasitic copepods that have successfully colonized pelagic fishes.     

基于盲数理论的我国海上战略通道安全风险评价

对我国海上战略通道进行安全风险评价是保障海上通道安全的重要环节。由于海上战略通道的安全风险具有多种不确定性,故可运用盲数理论建立我国海上战略通道安全风险等级评价的盲数模型。通过专家打分的方法对影响因素进行未确知测度,构造判断矩阵获得影响因素的权重,从而得到模型的综合未确知测度,根据既定的评价准则获得海上通道的安全风险级别。文中对我国重要的海上通道马六甲海峡进行了安全风险评价,其评价结果为：马六甲海峡的安全级别为较危险级别,验证了该盲数模型的有效性。     

沙棘果油及沙棘籽油对大鼠放射性皮肤损伤的影响

目的观察沙棘果油及沙棘籽油对大鼠放射性皮肤损伤的影响。方法实验用深部X线治疗机,每次以3000 cGy的剂量,照射两次,造成大白鼠臀部放射性皮肤损伤。待动物症状明显后,将Ⅱ度皮肤损伤的动物随机分为6组,即阴性对照组、沙棘果油高剂量组、沙棘果油低剂量组、沙棘籽油高剂量组、沙棘籽油低剂量组以及阳性对照组。沙棘果油及籽油高剂量组,每天在损伤部位涂药两次,而其低剂量组每天涂药一次,阴性对照组每天涂灭菌的注射用水一次,阳性对照组每天涂Solcoseryl-Jelly软膏一次。结果肉眼观察结果显示,连续用药10d后,沙棘果油、籽油及Sol-coseryl-Jelly组动物的局部红斑、水肿明显减轻,创面分泌物明显减少,用药2周后,上述症状明显消退,与阴性对照组比较,明显好转;另外,沙棘果油、籽油及Solcoseryl-Jelly组的创面愈合时间明显缩短。光学显微镜观察结果显示,沙棘果油、籽油及Solcoseryl-Jelly组的皮肤损伤明显减轻,炎症反应亦明显减轻,创面修复明显。电子显微镜观察结果显示,阴性对照组的超微结构明显受损,而沙棘果油、籽油及Solcoseryl-Jelly组的损伤明显减轻。结论沙棘果油及沙棘籽油对大鼠放射性皮肤损伤有明显的治疗作用。     

渡海登岛作战车辆技术保障问题研究

分析了渡海登岛作战保障工作的特点,从技术防护、战损抢修、人员培训、维修设备及保障机制等方面对登岛作战中车辆的技术保障工作进行了深入分析,并提出了相应的对策。     

海湾区域桩基施工技术控制的几点体会

后港特大桥位于海湾区域,处于自固结期的海陆交互相沉积地层,其中软土厚度大,含水量高,砂、砂砾夹层呈松散状态,易产生流砂、坍孔。在施工中总结后港特大桥坍孔的处治与预防方法。