某好望角型散货船接船过程及体会

综合分析了接一条新船的全过程,并介绍了如何合理选择接船人员以及应注意的问题。     

基于DSP的海洋重力仪数据采集处理系统设计

介绍DSP芯片TMS320VC5402和24位A／D转换器ADS1251的性能、特点，设计由它们构成的海洋重力仪数据采集处理系统，给出DSP进行数据采集与处理以及与上位机通信的软硬件设计方法。同时，用Delphi实现视窗界面的处理结果的存储和曲线图形的显示、打印。     

有限航区敞口集装箱船的载重线核定与总体设计

从敞口集装箱船的险情-安全措施分析出发,介绍了核定此类船舶载重线的要素,以及根据有限航区的特点,在国际海事组织《敞口集装箱暂行指南》对无限航区敞口集装箱船载重线核定要求的基础上,导出对有限航区敞口集装箱船的相应要求,提出了关于有限航区敞口集装箱船设计应考虑的若干问题。     

中国及附近海域船舶对台风的避让

西北太平洋,尤其是中国及其附近海域是船舶航行比较密集的区域,也是台风活动非常频繁的海域。成功避让台风不仅意味着保证船舶安全,还需要避免不合理绕航、滞航等带来的时间和经济损失。台风的活动是有一定的规律的,不断积累和交流在该区域内的避台经验对于驾驶员来说十分重要。介绍了几条具体航线上的避台措施,供船舶驾驶员参考。     

舰船在波浪载荷作用下的加载方式研究

基于ABAQUS软件将各站所受外力转化成节点力施加到船体结构上，分析结果表明，在舰船剖面上，距离中和轴越远，应力就越大，因此就越危险，这也是被校核的位置，且与参考值比较可知有限元法在这些位置的计算结果的误差很小。只要施加合理的边界条件，所采用的计算方法可以满足工程要求。     

Carbonate chemistry dynamics and carbon dioxide fluxes across the atmosphere–ice–water interfaces in the Arctic Ocean: Pacific sector of the Arctic

Climatic changes in the Northern Hemisphere have led to remarkable environmental changes in the Arctic Ocean, which is surrounded by permafrost. These changes include significant shrinking of sea-ice cover in summer, increased time between sea-ice break-up and freeze-up, and Arctic surface water freshening and warming associated with melting sea-ice, thawing permafrost, and increased runoff. These changes are commonly attributed to the greenhouse effect resulting from increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration and other non-CO₂ radiatively active gases (methane, nitrous oxide). The greenhouse effect should be most pronounced in the Arctic where the largest air CO₂ concentrations and winter–summer variations in the world for a clean background environment were detected. However, the air–land–shelf interaction in the Arctic has a substantial impact on the composition of the overlying atmosphere; as the permafrost thaws, a significant amount of old terrestrial carbon becomes available for biogeochemical cycling and oxidation to CO₂. The Arctic Ocean's role in determining regional CO₂ balance has been ignored, because of its small size (only  4% of the world ocean area) and because its continuous sea-ice cover is considered to impede gaseous exchange with the atmosphere so efficiently that no global climate models include CO₂ exchange over sea-ice. In this paper we show that: (1) the Arctic shelf seas (the Laptev and East-Siberian seas) may become a strong source of atmospheric CO₂ because of oxidation of bio-available eroded terrestrial carbon and river transport; (2) the Chukchi Sea shelf exhibits the strong uptake of atmospheric CO₂; (3) the sea-ice melt ponds and open brine channels form an important spring/summer air CO₂ sink that also must be included in any Arctic regional CO₂ budget. Both the direction and amount of CO₂ transfer between air and sea during open water season may be different from transfer during freezing and thawing, or during winter when CO₂ accumulates beneath Arctic sea-ice; (4) direct measurements beneath the sea ice gave two initial results. First, a drastic pCO₂ decrease from 410 μatm to 288 μatm, which was recorded in February–March beneath the fast ice near Barrow using the SAMI-CO₂ sensor, may reflect increased photosynthetic activity beneath sea-ice just after polar sunrise. Second, new measurements made in summer 2005 beneath the sea ice in the Central Basin show relatively high values of pCO₂ ranging between 425 μatm and 475 μatm, values, which are larger than the mean atmospheric value in the Arctic in summertime. The sources of those high values are supposed to be: high rates of bacterial respiration, import of the Upper Halocline Water (UHW) from the Chukchi Sea (CS) where values of pCO₂ range between 400 and 600 μatm, a contribution from the Lena river plume, or any combination of these sources.     

铝基牺牲阳极在天津港海泥中的应用

由于天津港的回淤性特质,使得一些码头(尤其是老码头)钢结构的牺牲阳极被不同程度的掩埋,导致牺牲阳极阴极保护系统使用寿命和效果降低,从而影响整个码头结构的安全和使用寿命。针对上述问题,提出了一种采用Al-Zn-In-Si系牺牲阳极复合外包填包料的海泥区阴极保护新方法,并将其应用于实际工程中。工程实践表明,该牺牲阳极阴极保护系统的保护效果良好,对解决天津港中被海泥严重掩埋的钢结构的阴极保护具有积极意义。     

允许越浪条件下海堤越浪量可靠度分析*

基于可靠度理论,进行了允许越浪条件下海堤越浪量的可靠度分析,建立了允许越浪条件下海堤越浪量的极限状态方程。以青岛某斜坡式海堤为例,将有效波高和谱峰周期作为基本随机变量进行越浪量可靠度分析。首先对有效波高和谱峰周期进行Log-normal、Gumbel分布拟合,根据拟合结果,二者均采用Log-normal分布,然后采用Monte Carlo模拟计算了该海堤越浪量的可靠性指标。计算结果表明:进行允许越浪条件下海堤越浪量的可靠度分析是可行的,并且海堤越浪量的可靠性指标概率意义明确,比允许越浪量标准更合理。     

系泊船舶在横浪作用下撞击能量计算参数Cm 取值研究

船舶附加水体质量系数Cm的取值对计算系泊船舶在横浪作用下的撞击能量具有十分重要的影响,目前国内外相关文献对该参数取值差异较大,且国内水运行业规范的参数取值偏小,给结构安全带来一定隐患。经过对取值规定的比较,并参照计算公式、结合工程实例分析计算结果,得知国内现行规范Cm的取值明显小于国内外相关规范和研究报告的取值。建议20万吨级以上船舶增大Cm取值为1.7～2.0。     

温州海域研究与开发进展

在大量文献基础上,对温州海域水动力泥沙研究进展情况和主要的开发情况及相应的研究情况进行了综述,包括岸滩稳定、沉积过程、潮汐、潮流、泥沙、台风风暴潮、卫星遥感等的研究及温州浅滩围垦工程、瓯江南口工程、航道整治工程、30万t级航道工程、大、小门岛围垦工程、乐清湾港区工程等开发工程。