A unified seakeeping and maneuvering analysis of ships in regular waves

The behavior of a ship in regular waves during maneuvering was studied by using a two-time scale model. The maneuvering analysis was based on Söding’s (Schiffstechnik 1982; 29:3–29) nonlinear slender-body theory generalized to account for heel. Forces and moments due to rudder, propeller, and viscous cross-flow follow from the state-of-the-art procedures. The developed unified theory of seakeeping and maneuvering was verified and validated for calm water by comparing it with experimental and calculated zigzag and circle maneuvers. Linear wave-induced motions and loads were determined by generalizing the Salvesen-Tuck-Faltinsen (Trans SNAME 1970; 78:250–287) strip theory. The mean second-order wave loads in incident regular deep water waves in oblique sea conditions were estimated by the potential flow theories of Faltinsen et al. (Proc 13th Symp Naval Hydrody 1980), Salvesen (Proc Intl Symp Dynam Mar Vehicl Struct Wave 1974), and Loukakis and Sclavounos (J Ship Res 1978; 22:1–19). The considered theories cover the whole range of important wavelengths. Comparisons between the different mean second-order wave load theories and available experimental data were carried out for different ship hull forms when the ship was advancing forward on a straight course. The mentioned methods have been incorporated into the maneuvering model. Their applicability from the perspective of the maneuvering ability of the selected types of ships was investigated in given wave environments. The wave conditions are valid for realistic maneuvering cases in open coastal areas. It was demonstrated that the incident waves may have an important influence on the maneuvering behavior of a ship. The added resistance, mean second-order transverse force, and yaw moment also play important roles.     

数值波浪序列中的高频成分

可靠的波浪模拟方法对于海洋结构物水动力性能的评估而言至关重要。文章基于软件FLUENT,分别采用四种不同的网格模型,实现了对于规则波的模拟。文中采用VOF方法对自由液面进行捕捉,并采用动网格方法模拟摇板的运动从而实现造波。考虑到数值耗散及截断误差对数值模拟结果的影响,针对沿水池方向的波浪衰减情况进行了相关研究。为了避免造波板的初始运动所引起的波面扰动,引入了一种“缓入”方法使造波板缓慢地达到最大幅值的运动,有效地避免了初始扰动所带来的影响。数值模拟的结果分别与一阶和二阶理论解进行了对比。结果表明,该数值波浪模型能够给出可靠的预测,为下一步模拟强非线性波浪（如畸形波）奠定了基础。     

基于2阶HMM的智能车视觉地图定位方法

本文中针对视觉地图匹配问题，将视觉地图匹配问题转化为基于图像序列的最优视觉地图节点匹配问题，并提出基于2阶隐马尔科夫模型（hidden Markov model,HMM）的视觉地图匹配方法。在该模型中，状态变量被定义为高精度视觉地图节点，查询图像被定义为观测数据。在状态转移模型中，引入2阶模型对短时间车辆运动进行匀速运动建模，与传统的1阶HMM相比，可以提高模型的适用性与准确性。提出利用全局图像特征建立查询图像与地图节点之间的匹配关系，并从匹配的汉明距离建立发射概率模型，可有效提高地图匹配的效率。最后，通过前向算法来求解最优匹配的地图节点。为了验证算法的性能，分别在封闭工业园区、开放道路和KITTI公开数据集对算法进行验证。实验结果表明：2阶HMM模型能够有效融合车辆运动信息和图像信息，提高匹配的稳定性和精确度，算法性能明显优于传统的基于单帧匹配和序列匹配算法。