高速铁路正交异性桥面板疲劳细节的应力分析

利用ANSYS软件对正交异性钢桥面板建立了有限元模型,取客运专线的“标准ZK活载”作为列车荷载,分析了面板-U肋-横梁三者交叉处、U肋-横梁连接处及横梁开孔圆弧处的局部应力.分析结果表明:桥面板的应力主要集中在U肋、横梁、桥面板三者相交的部位;沿U肋一周有明显的应力集中;横梁开孔处为整个桥面板中局部应力水平较高的位置,...     

海岸工程影响下潮间带泥沙冲淤变化计算

海岸工程实施后,将会改变区域地形,并对该区域的水动力及泥沙冲淤产生影响。针对潮间带特点,将淹没水深和淹没流速代入半经验半理论公式中,预测强潮浅水海区泥沙冲淤变化。在平面二维潮流模型的基础上,应用修正后的半经验半理论公式,计算分析漩门湾围垦工程对潮间带泥沙冲淤变化影响。     

辐射沙洲海域深水港开发建设水动力泥沙问题研究

综合使用水文泥沙特征分析、卫星遥感分析、冲淤演变分析、潮流泥沙数学模型计算、波浪数学模型(SWAN模型、缓坡方程、多向不规则波Boussinesq方程)计算、波流冲刷物理模型试验、泥沙淤积计算、骤淤计算与分析等多种手段对辐射沙洲中的如东海域深水港开发建设的水动力泥沙问题进行了研究,为深水港开发建设提供了科学依据。研究表明:通过采取必要的工程措施,在辐射沙洲海域中进行深水港开发建设是可行的。     

辐射沙洲研究开发的进展

对辐射沙洲研究开发的若干文献进行了归纳总结和综述,包括辐射沙洲的发现、成因、物质来源、形态特征、表层沉积物组成、演变、水动力泥沙环境、开发利用等。     

淤泥临界起动条件及冲刷率试验研究

本文根据试验结果,从粘性细颗粒泥沙受力分析出发,考虑淤泥密实度及粒径的变化对细颗粒泥沙间粘结力的影响,对粘性细颗粒泥沙临界起动条件变化规律进行了探讨;并对其冲刷串与水流切力的关系进行了初步研究,文中关于粘性细颗粒泥抄临界起动条件表达式经所收集到国内外实测资料验证,吻合程度较高。     

波流共同作用下近底高含沙水层流速的探讨

波浪和潮流共同作用于粉沙质床面时,水体的近底层含沙量很高,其运动是泥沙输移的重要方式。讨论了近底高含沙水层流速及其与含沙量的关系。     

天津港外航道水动力条件及工程泥沙淤积研究

依据最新的水文、泥沙实测资料,利用风浪潮流泥沙数值模型对开挖深水航道泥沙淤积情况进行了计算。根据近年来现场实测水文、泥沙资料,结合本项研究工作进行了统计分析,为数模计算提供参数;建立了多重嵌套潮流数学模型,计算正常天气下工程实施前、后的海域潮流场分布情况;建立了海域风浪过程计算模型和泥沙运动模型,将波浪、潮流、泥沙模型耦合,计算了在年均含沙量的风浪条件作用下所造成的回淤情况,给出了航道建成后的年淤积分布情况。提出了天津港南、北防波堤延伸到16 0后的航道的淤强分布特征,从泥沙方面为航道的开挖提供了设计依据。     

伶仃洋航道泥沙运动特性的水槽试验研究

在41组波浪水槽试验基础上,对波浪作用下的悬移质运动进行了理论分析,讨论了计算含沙量所需要的两个关键参数(?)和C_2,最后给出了半理论半经验的悬移质输沙率计算公式     

From suspended particles to strata: The fate of terrestrial substances in the Gaoping (Kaoping) submarine canyon

The river–sea system consisting of the Gaoping (new spelling according to the latest government's directive, formerly spelled Kaoping) River (KPR), shelf, and Submarine Canyon (KPRSC) located off southern Taiwan is an ideal natural laboratory to study the source, pathway, transport, and fate of terrestrial substances. In 2004 during the flood season of the KPR, a system-wide comprehensive field experiment was conducted to investigate particle dynamics from a source-to-sink perspective in the KPRSC with the emphasis on the effect of particle size on the transport, settling, and sedimentation along the pathway. This paper reports the findings from (1) two sediment trap moorings each configured with a Technicap PPS 3/3 sediment trap, and an acoustic current meter (Aquadopp); (2) concurrent hydrographic profiling and water sampling was conducted over 8 h next to the sediment trap moorings; and (3) box-coring in the head region of the submarine canyon near the mooring sites. Particle samples from sediment traps were analyzed for mass fluxes, grain-size composition, total organic carbon (TOC) and nitrogen (TN), organic matter (OM), carbonate, biogenic opal, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), lithogenic silica and aluminum, and foraminiferal abundance. Samples from box cores were analyzed for grain-size distribution, TOC, particulate organic matter (POM), carbonate, biogenic opal, water content, and ²¹⁰Pb_ex. Water samples were filtered through 500, 250, 63, 10 µm sieves and 0.4 µm filter for the suspended sediment concentration of different size-classes.Results show that the river and shelf do not supply all the suspended particles near the canyon floor. The estimated mass flux near the canyon floor exceeds 800 g/m²/day, whose values are 2–7 times higher than those at the upper rim of the canyon. Most of the suspended particles in the canyon are fine-grained (finer than medium silt) lithogenic sediments whose percentages are 90.2% at the upper rim and 93.6% in the deeper part of the canyon.As suspended particles settle through the canyon, their size-composition shows a downward fining trend. The average percentage of clay-to-fine-silt particles (0.4–10 µm) in the water samples increases from 22.7% above the upper rim of the canyon to 56.0% near the bottom of the canyon. Conversely, the average percentage of the sand-sized (> 63 µm) suspended particles decreases downward from 32.0% above the canyon to 12.0% in the deeper part of the canyon. Correspondingly, the substrate of the canyon is composed largely of hemipelagic lithogenic mud. Parallel to this downward fining trend is the downward decrease of concentrations of suspended nonlithogenic substances such as TOC and PAH, despite of their affinity to fine-grained particles.On the surface of the canyon, down-core variables (grain size, ²¹⁰Pb_ex activity, TOC, water content) near the head region of the canyon show post-depositional disturbances such as hyperpycnite and turbiditic deposits. These deposits point to the occurrences of erosion and deposition related to high-density flows such as turbidity currents, which might be an important process in submarine canyon sedimentation.     

白洋淀疏浚底泥絮凝脱水试验及应用*

针对白洋淀生态清淤底泥土工管袋脱水絮凝的问题,开展土工管袋脱水试验研究及工程验证。进行无机絮凝剂、有机絮凝剂和生物絮凝剂的复配小试和中试试验,提出适用于白洋淀土工管袋脱水的絮凝方案,并通过工程化实施,验证了絮凝方案的土工管袋脱水性能。研究采用分组试验的方法,以底泥絮凝后絮体大小、絮体强度和上清液清澈度作为评价指标。结果表明：复配絮凝剂投加量1.5%时,底泥絮凝效果最优,且余水水质化学需氧量（COD）、总磷（TP）改善明显,COD和TP分别削减83.92%和91.18%,土工管袋充填结束第30 d降低底泥含水率至低于55%。