开挖过程中悬浮泥沙扩散输移的数值模拟

通过建立平面二维潮流和悬浮泥沙输移扩散的数学模型,模拟某挖泥工程中悬浮泥沙的扩散输移过程,并应用非结构网格的有限单元法进行离散求解.该模型结合工程实际,采用连续线源模拟挖泥过程中的增量悬沙,以揭示其在开挖过程中扩散输移的机理,为工程环境影响评价提供科学依据.     

杭州湾北岸水下地形冲淤演变分析

通过分析历史资料,研究了杭州湾北岸上海市化学工业区堤防前沿的水动力特征、岸滩的冲淤演变特征及部分可能影响因素.针对化工区海防安全的要求,着重分析了堤防工程的若干工程效应及其对该水域岸滩保护的工程作用.针对该水域的最大海洋自然灾害-台风浪,汇总了工程建设前后几次强台风过境该水域时的若干水动力条件及岸滩损坏情况,分析了若干...     

三峡水库135～139m蓄水阶段万州—李渡河段床沙粒径变化特性

从2003年6月-2006年9月三峡水库库水位按135 ～ 139 m方式运行(枯水期坝前水位139 m,汛期坝前水位135 m),其回水末端位于涪陵李渡附近,常年库区在丰都以下.分析了该阶段蓄水期三峡库区原型观测资料,研究了万州(—)涪陵李渡河段床沙沿程变化特性及淤积物的级配组成,由该河段的床沙粒径变化分析其泥沙基本...     

炎热干燥大温差条件下胸墙大体积混凝土裂缝控制技术

依托沙特Ras Al Khair港码头5#、6#泊位项目,介绍了在炎热、干燥、大温差、海洋环境下,按美国标准设计和施工的胸墙大体积混凝土裂缝的控制措施。施工过程中,通过配合比的比选、原材料温度的控制、浇筑温度的控制、分层分段以及养护等综合措施,有效控制了胸墙大体积混凝土的开裂,保证施工质量和进度。     

天津港回淤现状与回淤规律研究

根据天津港 1 994～ 1 998年实际维护疏浚工程参数的测定与分析 ,对全港的回淤状况有了充分认识 ,在此基础上 ,综合分析研究港域水文泥沙条件与回淤泥沙特性及影响回淤的主要因素 ,得出天津港现状下港池、航道泥沙、回淤强度分布计算式 ,并与实测资料进行了比较 ,两者结果相当一致     

连云港海域围垦工程对水沙环境的影响*

基于嵌套的平面二维潮流泥沙数学模型,模拟了海州湾海域滨海示范区围垦工程实施前后的潮流场、悬沙分布,并采用实测资料对模型进行验证,分析围垦工程后计算海域潮流场、悬沙场及海床冲淤场的水沙环境的变化情况。结果表明：围垦后研究海域整体的潮流场和悬沙场变化较小,但围垦后附近海域纳潮量有所减小引起围区附近流速减小,围垦工程附近基本呈现淤积的状态,工程左侧吹填坑淤积强度较大,临洪河口则出现局部冲刷。     

Dynamic model for the wheel–rail contact friction

Accurately estimating the coefficient of friction (CoF) is essential in modelling railroad dynamics, reducing maintenance costs, and increasing safety in rail operations. The typical assumption of a constant CoF is widely used in theoretical studies; however, it has been noticed that the CoF is not constant, but rather depends on various dynamic parameters and instantaneous conditions. In this paper, we present a newly developed three-dimensional nonlinear CoF model for the dry rail condition and test the CoF variation using this model with estimated dynamic parameters. The wheel–rail is modelled as a mass–spring–damper system to simulate the basic wheel–rail dynamics. Although relatively simple, this model is considered sufficient for the purpose of this study. Simulations are performed at a train speed of 20 m/s using rail roughness as an excitation source. The model captures the CoF extremes and illustrates its nonlinear behaviour and instantaneous dependence on several structural and dynamic parameters.     

西北沙漠戈壁地区混凝土浇筑特殊养护措施费用分析

地处风沙、干旱地区的建设工程,自然环境条件恶劣,混凝土结构物经过浇筑后,需采取特殊养护措施,才能保证工程质量,从而造成费用增加.此文以处于沙漠戈壁地区的LX铁路部分区段为例,就铁路轨道支撑层、道床板和桥梁墩台采用特殊养护措施所需的材料和人工消耗及费用单价进行分析与计算,并与常规养护措施进行比较.说明采取特殊养护措施后相应费用的不足.应研究解决费用增加的方案。     

Airline network choice and market coverage under high-speed rail competition

While the existing literature has focused on the short-term impacts, this paper investigates the long-term impacts of high-speed rail (HSR) competition on airlines. An analytical model is developed to study how an airline may change its network and market coverage when facing HSR competition on trunk routes. We show that prior to HSR competition, an airline is more likely to adopt a fully-connected network and cover fewer fringe markets if the trunk market is large. Under HSR competition, the airline will, for a given network structure, have a greater incentive to cover more fringe (regional or foreign) markets if the trunk market is large, or the airline network is close to hub-and-spoke. Further, the airline will, for any given market coverage, move towards a hub-and-spoke network when the trunk market is large, or the number of fringe markets covered by the airline network is large. Both effects are more prominent when the decreasing rate of airline density economies is large. We further show that HSR competition can induce the airline to adopt network structure and market coverage that are closer to the socially optimal ones, thereby suggesting a new source of welfare gain from HSR based on its long-term impacts on airlines. Implications for operators, policy makers and specific countries (such as China) are also discussed.     

基于虚拟试验场的强化路面建模方法研究

虚拟试验场是依据某汽车试验场建立的,可用于在仿真环境下对车辆进行路试试验。虚拟试验场的路面建模需要保证具有实际路面特性,文章针对虚拟试验场建立中强化路面的建立问题进行研究,提出一种方法,可以准确的建立虚拟试验场的强化路面。利用双轨路面计测量强化路面的不平度,对测试数据进行分析处理,保证测量结果的准确性,应用试验场规则路面的详细尺寸信息建立模拟路面。对于规则强化路面,应用实际尺寸和技术规范等信息建立,对于不规则强化路面,利用实际测量的路面不平度,通过功率谱估计、路面等级分析、路面不平度数字化等建立模拟路面。通过相关性分析,保证所建立的模拟路面的准确性和可信性。