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51.
为解决传统监测技术单点监测无法满足软岩隧道整体性变形监测的局限性,采用三维激光扫描技术进行软岩隧道整体性变形监测试验,从隧道结构的变形时间、变形空间分布及变形量进行整体分析。首先建立全站仪和三维激光扫描仪测量误差模型,分析三维扫描监测技术与传统隧道监测技术的特点,通过平面标靶和棱镜靶球精度试验得出平面标靶最佳入射角范围小于60°,棱镜靶球自动提取距离不大于45 m,作为测站设置和控制点布设的依据; 然后以渭武高速木寨岭隧道2号斜井工程为依托,开展软岩隧道三维扫描变形监测技术的试验研究。研究结果表明: 中台阶开挖支护前已发生较大变形,最大变形位置为左侧上台阶与中台阶交界处,空间分布呈左大右小,试验段最大累计变形达0.48 m,下台阶及时封闭成环及2层初期支护有利于变形控制。 相似文献
52.
Travel to and from school can have social, economic, and environmental implications for students and their parents. Therefore, understanding school travel mode choice behavior is essential to find policy-oriented approaches to optimizing school travel mode share. Recent research suggests that psychological factors of parents play a significant role in school travel mode choice behavior and the Multiple Indicators and Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model has been used to test the effect of psychological constructs on mode choice behavior. However, little research has used a systematic framework of behavioral theory to organize these psychological factors and investigate their internal relationships. This paper proposes an extended theory of planned behavior (ETPB) to delve into the psychological factors caused by the effects of adults’ cognition and behavioral habits and explores the factors’ relationship paradigm. A theoretical framework of travel mode choice behavior for students in China is constructed. We established the MIMIC model that accommodates latent variables from ETPB. We found that not all the psychological latent variables have significant effects on school travel mode choice behavior, but habit can play an essential role. The results provide theoretical support for demand policies for school travel. 相似文献
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Ports are drivers of regional and of countries’ economic development. Most ports are built close to coastlines, where waters are shallower and tend to suffer from deposit sedimentation processes, which reduce depths in operational areas. In presence of shallow waters and sedimentation, ports must decide whether to dredge or not, where both decisions have significant impacts on ports’ annual incomes. Nevertheless, there are seabeds, namely muddy bottoms, in which vessels can navigate with a safety degree. This paper aims at investigating the extent to which the theoretical knowledge of vessel’s control in muddy waters is valid at a certain nautical bottom, as defined by the Permanent International Association of Navigation Congresses (since 2009 the World Association for Waterborne Transport Infrastructure but the acronym stays PIANC) and its impact on port economics. To achieve the proposed objective, an email survey was sent to worldwide pilots that manoeuvre ships in muddy waters. The survey validated the theoretical knowledge, showed that navigation in muddy waters is possible, that it can contribute to reduce ports’ operational costs, and that the subject can be rather controversial. 相似文献
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接触网参数测量系统可以实现接触网日常施工计算机管理,该系统利用计算机图像处理技术和lisp语言,将现场的实际状况与接触网专业技术有机地结合起来,改变了现有的测量方法,提高了现场作业效率. 相似文献
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The coastal zone is attractive for human settlement because it tends to be resource rich, providing a good location to generate incomes and livelihoods. Equally, however, it is a complex and powerful natural environment, which means that the coastal zone often becomes a focus of conflict with multiple users competing for limited space and resources. Understanding the causes of, and determining solutions to, the ensuing problems requires inputs from a range of analyses across sectors and disciplines. However, different disciplinary and sectoral approaches frequently use different investigative methods, language, and means of presenting results. This article presents a framework that has been developed in collaboration with Indian institutions over the past three years in an effort to address some of these fundamental problems of analysis and translation into policy action. Key components addressed by the framework are strengthening the capacity to practice, knowing how to proceed and how to find out what needs to be known using experience-based problem solving. 相似文献
59.
碳纤维复合材料索斜拉桥的设计与测试 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了解碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)索斜拉桥的结构性能、施工技术以及长期性能,进行了中国首座CFRP索斜拉桥的设计和应用研究。阐述了该桥主要部件的设计要点,采用有限元法分析了其整体受力性能;结合该桥的建造,研究了中等长度CFRP拉索的制备工艺和安装工艺;根据施工过程仿真分析结果,提出拉索的张拉方案,并在拉索张拉期间,对主梁、主塔及拉索进行了全面的测试。测试结果表明,测试值与理论值吻合良好,CFRP拉索中各根筋材受力均匀性很好。该桥在建造期间的测试、分析以及经过2年多的使用充分表明,CFRP拉索在中国斜拉桥上的初次应用是成功的。 相似文献
60.
内蒙古黑沟特大桥动静载试验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以内蒙古黑沟特大桥为例,详细介绍了预应力混凝土刚构桥动静载试验的实施方案和过程,分析了黑沟特大桥动静载试验的结果,对同类型桥梁的成桥静载试验研究具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献