基于集合覆盖模型的装备故障诊断方法研究

随着武器装备的不断发展,其结构与组成越来越复杂,机内测试虽然能给出报警,但大多依靠人工经验判断是否为故障,缺乏故障推理机制,一般不能隔离故障。论文以故障测试相关性矩阵为基础,将故障诊断过程归纳为经典的集合覆盖问题,通过快速求解该数学问题,给出故障诊断结果,单故障和双故障实例证明该方法合理有效。     

基于模糊 PID 的光电跟踪系统自适应前馈补偿控制*

为降低干扰力矩对光电跟踪系统精度的影响,提出了基于模糊 P ID的光电跟踪系统前馈补偿控制方法。首先,分析了按扰动前馈补偿的控制原理,提出了自适应前馈补偿方法;然后,对用直流力矩电机驱动的光电跟踪系统进行了建模;最后,为光电跟踪系统位置环设计了模糊PID控制器,并在此基础上设计了与之相匹配的自适应前馈补偿函数。仿真结果表明,相对于PID控制的固定前馈补偿控制器,所设计的控制器加快了反应速度,大幅提高了控制精度。     

基于动态面控制的船舶动力定位控制律设计

针对水面船舶动力定位控制问题,考虑带有未知界的时变环境扰动,将动态面控制技术与矢量逆推方法相结合,设计了船舶动力定位系统的自适应鲁棒非线性控制律。引入动态面控制技术,利用一阶滤波器的微分项代替虚拟控制矢量的微分项,使得在控制律设计过程中的微分运算被简单的代数运算所替代,简化了计算,易于工程实现。为阻止自适应参数漂移,采用包含基于σ-修正泄漏项的自适应律估计未知扰动的界。应用Lyapunov函数证明了所设计的控制律能迫使船舶的位置和艏向角达到并保持在期望值,保证船舶动力定位闭环系统中所有信号最终一致有界。仿真结果表明：在水平面上,当船舶初始位置偏离期望位置25 m 时,利用设计的控制律能迫使船舶在50 s内达到期望的目标位置,因此,所设计的控制律是有效的。     

BP神经网络在企业财务预警中的应用

根据预警系统体系指标的要求,对企业财务预警指标进行了筛选。采用BP神经网络预测与Adaboost算法相合的分析方法,对采集的样本数据建立了强分类器并进行了分类误差分析研究,完成了公司财务预警系统分析。结果表明:用BP_Adaboost分类算法建立的强分类器的分类误差率低于仅用BP算法建立的弱分类器的分类误差率,此法具有可行性和一定的计算精度,能为企业财务预警提供一定的理论指导。     

英语广告应用探析

本文研究的英语广告来源于日常生活,重点分析了英语广告的语言文体特点和广告英语所体现出来的独有的风格,融广告欣赏与英语学习为一体。     

沥青老化评价指标分析及老化程度研究

通过研究沥青老化的过程及规律,在对现行规范中评价沥青老化的各项指标进行试验分析的基础上,回归了沥青的老化指标与老化时间之间的关系,采用综合指标来确定沥青老化的速率及界定老化的等级,为后期进行旧沥青再生及旧沥青混合料性能的改善时,根据沥青材料的老化程度,采用相应的再生措施。     

灰色模型在原油管道蜡沉积速率预测中的应用

为了对原油管道内蜡沉积速率进行准确预测,基于灰色GM(1,N)模型理论和建模思路,综合考虑了管壁处剪切应力、管壁处温度梯度、管壁处蜡分子浓度梯度和原油的动力黏度4个影响因素,建立了 GM(1,5)蜡沉积速率模型,并与黄启玉蜡沉积模型进行模型精度对比.结果表明:GM(1,5)蜡沉积速率模型的平均相对误差为2.955 5％...     

一种新型防水剂的性能研究

该新型防水剂产品能从根本上解决混凝土中毛细孔吸水问题,防止混凝土结构被氯离子渗透,从而防止钢筋锈蚀。对该防水剂的性能进行测试研究,综合测试其对砂浆和混凝土相关性能的影响;率先采用英国标准评价混凝土吸水率;并比对该新型防水剂与某国外同类成熟产品的相关性能。该防水剂对混凝土和砂浆的7 d和28 d抗压强度均有良好的增益效果,在不改变工作性能的情况下,能有效改善混凝土和砂浆的抗渗能力。     

Evaluation of risk attitude in the shipping freight market under uncertainty

ABSTRACT

The main purpose of this study is to examine how market participants take risks, in other words, what their risk attitude/preference is, and how their risk attitude could be related to the shipping freight and other markets. To address them, we calibrated the risk attitude of participants in shipping freight markets from 2007 to 2013, and provided an example of the application of risk attitude. For market participants, risk attitude/preference has an important role in understanding shipping freight markets and managing risks under uncertainty. However, risk attitude is not directly observable. To achieve this, we applied a framework that consists of structural model and calibration with market data. We interpreted risk attitude and confirmed that a structural break occurred around 2008 for the calibrated risk attitude parameter. The average risk attitude of market participants tended to be more risk-averse after 2010. We conducted an additional analysis to provide an example of the application of calibrated risk attitude, using structural equation modeling to calculate a latent variable that reflected other commodity markets. We compared the risk attitude parameter and the latent variable, and clarified the relationship between the risk attitude parameter and commodity markets.     

Governance for Sustainability: Insights from Marine Resource Use in a Tropical Setting in the Western Indian Ocean

The last decade has seen a shift in the Natural Resource Management discourse, a shift from management to governance. Governance is held forward as a prime solution to problems associated with the sustainability of natural resources, including fisheries and other marine resources. Several countries in the Western Indian Ocean are framing governance solutions as a response to coastal/marine resource depletion and environmental degradation, but the challenges are huge and success stories remain few. This study provides an analysis of the governance situation in Chwaka Bay, Zanzibar, Tanzania. It presents the governance actors and how governance is expressed in terms of hierarchy (state), heterarchy (self-organized networks of resource users), and anarchy (market). The analysis illustrates the extreme difficulties of using governance approaches to steer human behavior to solve environmental problems and achieve sustainability. The study also provides some insights when considering the use of governance as a tool for the “designing” and/or “steering” social–ecological systems in subsistence contexts with weak formal institutions. These include the consideration of governance as an intrinsic part of complex societal processes, the idealization of governance as a template for redressing management failure and broader issues such as the importance of meta-governance.