The effects of wheelset driving system suspension parameters on the re-adhesion performance of locomotives

In this study, in order to examine the effects of a wheelset driving system suspension parameters on the re-adhesion performance of locomotives, the stick–slip vibration was analysed according to theoretical and simulation analysis. The decrease of the slip rate vibration amplitude improved the stability of the stick–slip vibration and the re-adhesion performance of locomotives. Increasing the longitudinal guide stiffness of the wheelset and the motor suspension stiffness were proposed as effective measures to improve the re-adhesion performance of locomotives. These results showed that the dynamic slip rate was inversely proportional to the series result of the square root of the longitudinal guide and motor suspension stiffness. The larger the motor suspension stiffness was, the smaller the required longitudinal guidance stiffness was at the same re-adhesion time once the wheel slip occurred, and vice versa. The simulation results proved that the re-adhesion time of the locomotive was approximately proportional to amplitude of the dynamic slip rate. When the stick–slip vibration occurred, the rotary and the longitudinal vibrations of the wheelset were coupled, which was confirmed by train's field tests.     

ZPW-2000A型无绝缘移频轨道电路补偿方案研究

在现场的应用中,ZPW-2000A型无绝缘移频轨道电路在安全性和可靠性方面有着显著优势,但其分路特性的改善是需要关注的问题。采用电平衰耗法的计算方法,对无补偿电容、有补偿电容和有最佳补偿电容时的无绝缘轨道电路的分路特性进行分析,并用Matlab软件仿真得到轨面各点的分路灵敏度和分路残压比较结果。结果表明,补偿电容对轨道电路的分路特性有明显的改善作用,而找到最佳补偿电容值对轨道电路进行补偿,不但能同时保证轨道电路全程可靠分路,并且降低了分路残压,使得无绝缘轨道电路的分路特性更稳定。     

一种改进的组件软件可靠性优化方法

对组件软件可靠性进行优化工作时.不仅需要最大化其可靠性估计值.同时还要最小化可靠性估计方差以及测试代价.首先针对性地研究普通的组件软件可靠性优化策略,探讨该策略的缺点.提出并探讨一种改进的可靠性估计值排序策略(RPP-c策略),即增加测试代价考虑因素.最后为RPP-c策略建立优化模型,同时也给出相应的算法思想和实验数据分析.     

位移敏度分析的子结构法

从结构分析的子结构概念出发，提出了位移敏度分析的子结构法。作为子结构技术的深化，这种方法不仅能象子结构技术一样，在进行位移敏度分析时降低求解规模，而且也非常适用于处理分解法结构优化设计中子问题的位移或应力约束耦合。     

某装备结构动态特性分析

利用试验模态分析法获得了某机枪结构的模态参数,分析了机枪的动态特性,并通过基于模态试验的灵敏度分析方法,获得了影响该机枪动态特性的敏感部位,为改善机枪动态特性提供了依据.     

Bush-based sensitivity analysis for approximating subnetwork diversion

Subnetwork analysis is often used in traffic assignment problems to reduce the size of the network being analyzed, with a corresponding decrease in computation time. This is particularly important in network design, second-best pricing, or other bilevel problems in which many equilibrium runs must be solved as a subproblem to a master optimization program. A fixed trip table based on an equilibrium path flow solution is often used, but this ignores important attraction and diversion effects as drivers (globally) change routes in response to (local) subnetwork changes. This paper presents an approach for replacing a regional network with a smaller one, containing all of the subnetwork, and zones. Artificial arcs are created to represent “all paths” between each origin and subnetwork boundary node, under the assumption that the set of equilibrium routes does not change. The primary contribution of the paper is a procedure for estimating a cost function on these artificial arcs, using derivatives of the equilibrium travel times between the end nodes to create a Taylor series. A bush-based representation allows rapid calculation of these derivatives. Two methods for calculating these derivatives are presented, one based on network transformations and resembling techniques used in the analysis of resistive circuits, and another based on iterated solution of a nested set of linear equations. These methods are applied to two networks, one small and artificial, and the other a regional network representing the Austin, Texas metropolitan area. These demonstrations show substantial improvement in accuracy as compared to using a fixed table, and demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach.     

大跨度斜拉桥施工控制的多元统计敏感性分析

为掌握大跨度斜拉桥结构参数变异对结构状态的影响规律,确保斜拉桥的施工安全和工程质量,针对该类型桥梁施工控制参数敏感性分析的实际需求,考虑不同结构参数和不同结构部位相同结构参数的变异性,实现了大跨度斜拉桥施工过程控制中的多元统计敏感性分析.从统计学角度明确了参数敏感性分析为边缘分布问题后,将试验设计方法引入统计多参数敏感...     

Are Longer and Heavier Vehicles (LHVs) Beneficial for Society? A Cost Benefit Analysis to Evaluate their Potential Implementation in Spain

Abstract

In this paper we carry out a thorough review of the current research related to the benefits and costs arising from the implementation of longer and heavier vehicles (LHVs). From this review we concluded that despite the many studies available, little has been said about the sensitivity of the benefits and costs to the ultimate performance of the key variables related to the evolution of the economy, road transport performance, safety, and so on. In order to fill this gap, we have designed a sensitivity approach based on a cost benefit analysis tool to determine which variables demonstrate the greatest influence on the benefits and costs stemming from the implementation of LHVs. In order to test the methodology, we have used it in an analysis of the Spanish trunk network. The results show that the benefits of LHVs for society are significant. Even in the least favorable scenario, the economic benefits are greater than €3500 million over 15 years, and the environment enhanced as well, for CO₂ emissions are reduced by 2 Million tonnes. Overall we noted how the results are not very sensitive to the evolution of key variables in determining the final outcome. However, we found that the variables that have the greatest affect on the final benefit, such as traffic growth and social discount rate, depend basically on the performance of the overall economy. Moreover, the private cost for haulers seems to be more important in determining the final benefit than externality costs.     

不同温拌剂对沥青路用性能的影响

为研究不同类型温拌剂对于沥青性能的影响,选择常用降黏型温拌剂Sasobit和发泡型温拌剂Asphamin分别加入到基质沥青和SBS改性沥青中,通过针入度、软化点、延度及黏度试验,研究对比这两类温拌剂对沥青感温性能、高低温性能及黏滞性的影响。由等黏温度定理,推算出部分温拌沥青混合料的施工温度,并以此对比分析其降温效果。结果表明:两类温拌剂均能显著提高沥青高温性能,掺入4%Sasobit和4%Aspha-min能使沥青软化点分别增长48%和31%,均可有效降低沥青的高温黏度和压实温度(降温范围在18～24℃之间)。同时,也能提升沥青的低温黏度(95℃下分别提升278%和14.7%),提高沥青路面抗流动变形的能力。但两种温拌剂对沥青低温性能呈不利影响,且这种不利影响与掺量呈正相关,因此应合理控制温拌剂掺量。     

大跨度公轨两用悬索桥刚度敏感性分析

通过对矢跨比、边跨伸出段长度、中央扣及边跨主缆倾角等因素进行分析,提出重庆郭家沱长江大桥主要刚度影响指标,为方案设计提供依据。