ANSYS在冲击(撞击)荷载作用下桥墩应力可靠度分析中的应用

基于大型通用有限元软件ANSYS概率设计系统,提出利用ANSYS概率分析功能对桥墩在冲击荷载作用下最大应力进行可靠性分析的方法。采用ANSYS的中心复合设计法,对桥墩在冲击荷载、荷载位置、弹性模量以及密度等随机变量作用下的结构可靠度进行计算,获得桥墩应力响应的可靠度指标和桥墩的失效概率,以及最大应力与各个随机变量的相关灵敏度等一系列具有重要价值的结论。     

A multi-criteria decision method for the analysis of the Motorways of the Sea: the application to the case of France and Spain on the Atlantic Coast

Despite European Union (EU) political support to identify the most feasible Motorways of the Sea, the final decision can only be made by Private Shipping Companies, which are operators of a unique stretch of the intermodal chain. This paper provides a multi-criteria decision method to identify the most suitable Motorways of the Sea taking into account the competitiveness of whole intermodal routes versus the alternative of road transport from the loader’s perspective. The analysis is carried out assuming a ‘many-to-many’ transport model. Firstly indexes of time and cost were defined and evaluated for every available route in the model in accordance with a multi-criteria decision matrix. Secondly, through a Monte Carlo simulation a sensitivity analysis was carried out in order to evaluate the influence on the results of the forecast assumed to construct the matrix. The results obtained are not only quantitative, but also qualitative. The development of intermodal routes via Motorways of the Sea is especially relevant for the peripheral EU countries. Due to the relevance of the freight flow between France and Spain and the congestion of their connections through the Pyrenees, the method proposed was applied to the analysis of this particular case     

Are Longer and Heavier Vehicles (LHVs) Beneficial for Society? A Cost Benefit Analysis to Evaluate their Potential Implementation in Spain

Abstract

In this paper we carry out a thorough review of the current research related to the benefits and costs arising from the implementation of longer and heavier vehicles (LHVs). From this review we concluded that despite the many studies available, little has been said about the sensitivity of the benefits and costs to the ultimate performance of the key variables related to the evolution of the economy, road transport performance, safety, and so on. In order to fill this gap, we have designed a sensitivity approach based on a cost benefit analysis tool to determine which variables demonstrate the greatest influence on the benefits and costs stemming from the implementation of LHVs. In order to test the methodology, we have used it in an analysis of the Spanish trunk network. The results show that the benefits of LHVs for society are significant. Even in the least favorable scenario, the economic benefits are greater than €3500 million over 15 years, and the environment enhanced as well, for CO₂ emissions are reduced by 2 Million tonnes. Overall we noted how the results are not very sensitive to the evolution of key variables in determining the final outcome. However, we found that the variables that have the greatest affect on the final benefit, such as traffic growth and social discount rate, depend basically on the performance of the overall economy. Moreover, the private cost for haulers seems to be more important in determining the final benefit than externality costs.     

基于响应面法的双前桥转向机构参数优化

针对某重型双前桥转向汽车轮胎磨损严重的问题,运用Adams/View建立了该型汽车双前桥转向机构的运动学模型,对其进行了运动学及转向性能仿真分析。针对第二桥车轮实际转角与理想转角之间差异较大的问题,采用灵敏度分析的方法,找出对转角差异影响较大的因子,在Adams/Insight中,使用响应面分析方法,对双前桥转向机构的参数进行了优化。对比优化前后的转角差异可知,实际转角与理想转角之间的差异得到了有效控制,从而降低了轮胎的磨损。     

兰渝铁路盖家阴山滑坡稳定系数水敏性分析

以兰渝铁路盖家阴山滑坡为例,进行了滑带土大型直剪试验,讨论了滑带土的c,φ值随含水率变化规律.通过传递系数法进行了滑坡稳定系数对强度参数c,φ值和地下水位变幅的敏感性分析,结果表明:随着含水率的增加,内摩擦角φ基本呈线性减小,黏聚力c呈现先增加而后又逐渐变小的特征;滑带土黏聚力c每降低1 kPa,稳定性系数将减小0.01~0.02;内摩擦角φ每降低1°,稳定性系数将减小0.07~0.09;在降水和地震条件下,当水位变幅系数δ大于0.53时,滑坡体将会发生蠕滑变形,甚至是失稳滑动.     

基于混合算法的大跨度斜拉桥可靠度评估

为研究大跨度顸应力混凝土(PC)斜拉桥的可靠度评估问题,提出了适用于大跨度PC斜拉桥这类复杂结构可靠性分析的混合算法.该方法综合运用了有限元分析(FEA)、径向基函数(RBF)神经网络、遗传算法(GA)和Monte Carlo重要抽样(MCIS)方法,并对算法中的关键步骤(RBF神经网络的初始样本点设计方法、MCIS的抽样中心点位置等)进行了改进,使结构分析模块与可靠度计算模块智能结合.利用数值算例的可靠度分析对该算法的有效性进行了验证.最后,以一座主跨为420 m的双塔PC斜拉桥为工程背景,进行了正常使用极限状态下的可靠度分析.参数分析表明:在汽车荷载作用下,该斜拉桥的主梁跨中位移超限失效概率比最长斜拉索强度失效概率高;汽车荷载的均值和标准差是影响斜拉桥可靠度的重要因素;随着汽车荷载均值系数的增大,主梁跨中位移超限失效的可靠指标下降的趋势较为显著.     

基于灵敏度阻抗矩阵修正法的分层前推回代潮流算法

分布式电源（DG）接入配电网对潮流产生重要影响.本文分析了潮流计算中各种分布式电源模型及处理方法,引入灵敏度阻抗矩阵修正法更新PV节点的注入无功功率,结合辐射型配电网的特点,提出一种基于灵敏度阻抗矩阵修正法的分层前推回代潮流算法.该算法解决了前推回代潮流算法处理PV节点失效的问题,同时适用于含各类分布式电源的潮流计算.最后对含各种类型分布式电源的IEEE 33节点配电网进行潮流计算仿真,仿真结果验证了提出算法的有效性和快速性,并通过不同算例验证了算法的稳定性.     

基于响应面函数的摄动随机有限元方法研究

针对随机结构问题,根据现有方法的优缺点,将响应面法和摄动随机有限元相结合。考虑结构载荷参数、材料参数和几何参数,结构的响应面近似函数采用步进回归分析技术被确定了,其中抽样方法为中心指数法,并利用摄动法推导出结构随机响应的中心矩表达式。以燃气涡轮叶片为例,计算出叶片的随机响应变量中心矩,及响应变量相对于输入变量的灵敏度,并分别与直接响应面法、直接 Monte-Carlo 模拟方法的计算结果对比。结果表明,该方法适用于结构相对复杂的模型,计算结果精度较高,计算速度较快。     

土工格栅加筋路堤边坡稳定性影响因素及其敏感性分析

土工格栅加筋路堤在公路工程中有着广泛的应用前景,但由于加筋机理还不很清楚,具体设计方案还借助于经验,设计者必须充分了解其稳定性的主要影响因素和各影响因素对边坡稳定性的影响程度。为此,采用 Morgenstern-Price法对土工格栅加筋边坡稳定性与坡高、坡率、土的内摩擦角和粘聚力、加筋层间距、坡顶荷载和地震力等影响因素之间的关系进行了分析计算,得到了这些影响因素各自对边坡稳定性的影响规律,分析比较了边坡稳定安全系数对这些影响因素的敏感程度。     

中国航空运输市场中航线票价的优化研究

为了对民航机票定价问题进行优化,从理论层面分析我国民航定价方面存在的问题,分析显示消费者有降低机票价格的需求.利用价格敏感度法(PSM)以大连-天津航线为例定量研究乘客对机票价格水平的意识,计算得出机票的无差别价格点、优化价格点、价格下限点、价格上限点,从而得到价格承受带和价格町接受域.分别从航空运输服务生产者和消费者的角度建立生产者收益模型和航空运输市场份额模型,计算得到优化机票定价点,并与现行票价进行比对分析,得到了与理论分析一致的结论,从定性和定量2个方面揭示了我国消费者有降低航空机票价格的需求.