螺旋桨非定常性能的面元法预报

采用扰动速度势面元法预报螺旋桨非定常性能,桨叶、桨毂和尾涡面由双曲四边形面元进行离散,对时域内非定常问题的求解采用时间步进迭代方法,建立了桨叶随边非定常等压库塔条件的非线性迭代结构,使迭代求解更加有效、快速和稳定.预报结果与测试结果或其它数值结果比较是令人满意的.     

客流因素影响地铁正点运营的分析与对策

随着地铁客流量的不断增长,因客流因素影响地铁正点运营情况日益突出。通过对客流因素影响时段、站点、形式、范围等具体分析,把握和了解客流因素影响具有时间高度集中、组织难度大、影响范围广、联动联控性强等特点。针对这些特点,提出降低客流因素影响的相关对策措施和建议,从优化行车组织方式、加大客流控制力度、强化关键卡控和硬件保障、优化作业程序、开展宣传教育等方面入手,进一步挖潜增效,提高运营质量和运输服务水平。     

Estimation of delay variability at signalized intersections for urban arterial performance evaluation

Urban arterial performance evaluation has been broadly studied, with the major focus on average travel time estimation. However, in view of the stochastic nature of interrupted flow, the ability to capture the characteristics of travel time variability has become a critical step in determining arterial level of service (LOS). This article first presents a stochastic approach that integrates classic cumulative curves and probability theories in order to investigate delay variability at signalized intersections, as a dominant part of the link travel time variability. This serves as a basis for arterial travel time estimation, which can be obtained through a convolution of individual link travel time distributions. The proposed approach is then applied in the estimation of travel time along one arterial in Shanghai, China, with abundant automatic vehicle identification (AVI) data sources. The travel time variability is evaluated thoroughly at 30-min intervals, with promising results achieved in comparison to the field measurements. In addition, the estimated travel time distributions are utilized to illustrate the probability of multiple LOS ranges, namely, reliability LOS. The results provide insights into how we might achieve a more reliable and informative understanding of arterial performance.     

船舶压载舱沉积物接收处置现状、问题及履约管理对策

《国际船舶压载水和沉积物控制与管理国际公约(2004)》要求妥善处理和处置压载舱沉积物,以防止有害生物入侵。为研究履约现状,选取13家从事压载水沉积物清理、接收及处理作业的修船厂进行了系统调研,结果表明普遍存在防污染措施不全、接收处理作业不规范、接收设施技术标准缺失、管理要求不明确等问题。在分析压载水沉积物的来源、危害、产生量等特性的基础上,结合公约和国内要求,从标准规范完善、监管部门协作、接收设施配套、公约法规宣贯和科技研发支撑等方面分析提出了履约对策。研究成果为有关压载水沉积物相关标准规范、技术政策的制定提供参考,有助于加强压载舱沉积物防污染管理,提升国际公约履行水平。     

GRC隔离栅立柱在兰州南绕城高速公路的应用研究

兰州南绕城高速公路交通安全防护要求高,应用新型GRC隔离栅立柱能有效避免传统钢立柱和水泥立柱自重大、耐久性差、易生锈、耐候性差、易被盗等问题,本文分析了GRC立柱的原材料、性能和施工工艺,确保其应用可提高南绕城高速公路的交通安全水平。     

半柔性路面材料级配设计与性能研究

以体积法设计母体沥青混合料矿料级配,结合马歇尔、谢伦堡析漏和肯塔堡飞散试验确定混合料沥青用量。通过室内试验(车辙试验、浸水马歇尔试验)以及实验段现场性能检测(抗滑性能试验、渗水性能试验)评价其综合路用性能。结果表明,半柔性路面材料具有优良的高温稳定性、水稳定性和抗渗水性,但其抗滑性能稍显不足。     

A new generalized travel cost based connectivity metric applied to Scandinavian airports

This article proposes a new, generalized travel cost based method to operationalize network accessibility provided by airports. The approach is novel as it integrates features of network topology with multiple quality aspects of scheduled air transport services into one metric. The method estimates generalized travel costs for the full set of feasible travel paths between an airport and all network destinations. Rooftop modeling accounts for schedule delay and isolates the most cost-efficient travel paths per O-D relation. Respecting the assumed arrival time preference of passengers and adjusting for destination importance, connectivity scores are derived. The method is then applied to explore changes in the global connectivity pattern of Scandinavian airports from 2004 to 2018. The results suggest distinct spatial differences throughout the network, but less pronounced in size than suggested by popularly applied connectivity measures. Findings also highlight the importance of the geographical location as a determinate of an airport’s connectivity.     

Benefit of speed reduction for ships in different weather conditions

Currently, the shipping industry is facing a great challenge of reducing emissions. Reducing ship speeds will reduce the emissions in the immediate future with no additional infrastructure. However, a detailed investigation is required to verify the claim that a 10% speed reduction would lead to 19% fuel savings (Faber et al., 2012).This paper investigates fuel savings due to speed reduction using detailed modeling of ship performance. Three container ships, two bulk carriers, and one tanker, representative of the shipping fleet, have been designed. Voyages have been simulated by modeling calm water resistance, wave resistance, propulsion efficiency, and engine limits. Six ships have been simulated in various weather conditions at different speeds. Potential fuel savings have been estimated for a range of speed reductions in realistic weather.It is concluded that the common assumption of cubic speed-power relation can cause a significant error in the estimation of bunker consumption. Simulations in different seasons have revealed that fuel savings due to speed reduction are highly weather dependent. Therefore, a simple way to include the effect of weather in shipping transport models has been proposed.Speed reduction can lead to an increase in the number of ships to fulfill the transport demand. Therefore, the emission reduction potential of speed reduction strategy, after accounting for the additional ships, has been studied. Surprisingly, when the speed is reduced by 30%, fuel savings vary from 2% to 45% depending on ship type, size and weather conditions. Fuel savings further reduce when the auxiliary engines are considered.     

地铁车辆现代化升级改造的发展趋势与问题探讨

首先阐述国内外地铁车辆的发展状况和升级改造的项目案例,然后结合国内城市地铁市场的发展现状,以及运维后市场的重要性,提出延长车辆使用寿命、功能升级改造将是国内地铁车辆市场长期健康发展的必然趋势;同时提出车辆升级改造过程中应注意的问题以及发展的方向,为后续车辆升级改造项目提供一定的指引.     

Sasowam及Sasobit改性沥青及温拌混合料温度性能对比试验研究

通过室内试验,对比分析了Sasowam及Sasobit两种改性剂对沥青的改性效果,并通过温拌混合料试验,研究了两种改性剂对混合料高温性能和低温性能的影响。