空间天气对水面舰艇卫星导航定位的影响

简要介绍空间天气和电离层基本概念，对灾害性空间天气可能对导航卫星和电离层所产生的主要影响进行有意义的探索；进而着重对电离层电子密度、电离层暴、电离层突然骚扰等空间天气要素会对水面舰艇卫星导航定位系统的影响。     

大风天气下大型船舶撤离洋山港外航道可行性的探讨

根据洋山港自然、地理条件，运用目前在航道论证方面已经比较成熟的船舶操纵模拟器，有针对性地对大风天气下大型船舶撤离洋山港外航道疏浚段的可行性进行研究；根据所选5250TEU和8000TEU大型集装箱船舶的模拟船型撤离外航道疏浚段模拟试验的结果并基于航迹带概率分布对试验数据充分和系统分析的基础上，提出了大型船舶安全撤离外航道疏浚段的可行性，为洋山港大型集装箱船舶在大风天气下安全撤离外航道疏浚段提供比较科学的参考依据。     

琼州海峡通道宜隧不宜桥

本文从琼州海峡通道建设对我国经济发展的重大作用出发.进而紧密的结合通道工程 的特定工程地质、水文地质、环境条件和桥隧使用功能特征,从现代军事战略高度上,系统地分析了水下隧道在抵御战争和自然灾害破坏等方面,比较桥梁,易于起到全天候的生命线通道作用和不改变现有环境状况,故琼州海峡越海通道工程,采用水下隧道方案确实明显优于桥梁方案.     

Association of reduced visibility with crash outcomes

Most of the information necessary for driving a vehicle is regarded as visual information. In spite of its importance, visibility conditions at the time of a crash are often not documented at a high level of detail. Past studies have not examined the quantified values of visibility and its association with crashes. The current study merged data collected from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) with 2010–2012 Florida crash data. From the thousands of logged weather events compiled by the NOAA, the researchers isolated periods of normal visibility and comparable periods of reduced visibility in a matched-pairs study. The NOAA data provided real visibility score based on the spatiotemporal data of the crashes. Additionally, the crash data, obtained from Roadway Information Database (RID), contains several geometric and traffic variables that allow for effects of factors and visibility. The study aims to associate crash occurrence under different levels of visibility with factors included in the crash database by developing ordinal logistic regression. The intent is to observe how different visibility conditions contribute to a crash occurrence. The findings indicate that the likelihood of a crash increase during periods of low visibility, despite the tendency for less traffic and for lower speeds to prevail during these times. The findings of this study will add valuable knowledge to the realm of the impact of visibility in the way of using and designing appropriate countermeasures.     

利用传真地面天气图计算海面风

推导出传真地面天气图上地转风与梯度风的近似计算公式，根据公式制作了地转风与梯度风查算图，并求算了30个站点的海面理论风速值。与实测风速比较，得到了海面摩擦系数和地转风近似法与梯度风近似法计算海面风速的适用条件。     

普湾大桥耐久性设计

以普湾大桥为例,详细介绍了在严寒地区海洋环境中桥梁的耐久性设计方法。针对不同混凝土腐蚀环境分区,采用不同的防腐蚀措施,其中包括采用高性能海工耐久性混凝土、混凝土表面涂层、混凝土结构硅烷表面浸渍等。希望通过本桥的耐久性设计方法,能给同类型桥梁设计提供参考。     

H－120型防火防爆气动移门的设计及其在海洋平台上的应用

按照船级社近海工程入级规范要求,海洋作业平台危险区域处的封闭机械处所通常需要满足气密、海洋石油工业防火等级、防爆、风雨密、隔音等要求,甚至供作业人员进出的门也要满足此要求。目前,按照国内船舶标准制作的门,尚无法满足上述规范要求。该文根据“挪威NORSOK标准”和“DNV近海工程入级规范”,对H-120型防火防爆气动移门的设计进行研究,并结合实际项目给出了其在海洋平台危险区域机械处所的应用设想与具体方法,为国内同类产品生产厂家提供思路,从而更好地适应海洋工程的发展趋势。     

A study of the influence of severe environmental conditions on common traffic congestion features

On the basis of real traffic and environmental data measured on German freeways, we studied common features of traffic congestion under the influence of severe weather conditions. We have found that traffic features [J] and [S] defining traffic phases “wide moving jam” (J) and “synchronized flow” (S) in Kerner's three‐phase theory are indeed common spatiotemporal traffic features. The quantitative parameters for both traffic phases [S] and [J] were investigated in a comparison of “ideal” weather conditions (good visibility and no precipitation) and severe weather situations (icy road, wind, precipitation, etc.). We showed spatiotemporal congested patterns in several space–time diagrams based on the Automatic Tracking of Moving Jams/Forecasting of Traffic Objects (ASDA/FOTO) model reconstruction for roadside detectors. A statistical study of traffic phase [J] parameters was presented, showing the average values and standard deviation of the quantities. Similarities and differences were analyzed, and some consequences for vehicular applications were discussed to cope with severe weather conditions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高寒条件下混凝土表面早期裂纹成因及防治措施

以青藏铁路桥涵混凝土施工为背景 ,结合特定的施工环境 ,从混凝土内外温差引起的温度应力的角度分析产生表面微裂纹的原因 ;从混凝土强度成长过程中不同时段混凝土内部温差的角度分析产生深层贯穿性裂缝的可能性 ;并结合施工实践提出防止或减少表面微裂纹产生的措施     

长江口水域航行安全探讨

本文将长江口水域有关水文气象、助航标志和船舶交通管理规定等做一总结介绍,并结合二起事故案例分析,探讨船舶在此水域的航行安全管理,以利航经长江口水域船舶的安全。