雨天对高速公路交通安全的影响及对策

对雨天气象条件下高速公路交通管理要未雨绸缪、提前介入、积极主动、多措并举、协同作战、形成合力,以最大限度地减少雨天恶劣气象带来的负面影响及危害,维护好高速公路的安全、畅通,遏制重特大交通事故的发生,全力保障好人民群众的生命财产安全。文章分析了雨天对高速公路交通安全的影响和事故特点,并提出了雨天高速公路交通事故的预防对策。     

天气因素对福州地铁客流的影响分析

地铁作为一种绿色出行方式,是缓解城市交通拥堵的重要手段。地铁客流受到多种因素影响,其中天气因素变化较快,会造成地铁客流的快速变化。了解天气因素对地铁客流的影响,有助于建立相应的运输组织响应措施。本文旨在量化分析天气因素对福州地铁客流量的影响,并考虑原始天气指标的局限性,引入体现舒适度的指标。建立地铁客流与天气因素(包括气压、相对湿度、风力、降水、风寒指数等级、综合舒适度指数等级等)之间的多元线性回归模型,量化影响方向和影响程度。此外,工作日与非工作日的客流模式差异较大,将两者分别建模分析。研究发现：工作日,降水、风寒指数等级和综合舒适度指数等级对地铁客流有显著影响;非工作日,降水、气压、相对湿度、风寒指数等级和综合舒适度指数等级对地铁客流有显著影响。总体而言,非工作日地铁客流对天气因素更加敏感。     

白藜芦醇对早期重症急性胰腺炎大鼠多器官组织氧自由基的影响

目的观察白藜芦醇对早期重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)大鼠器官组织SOD、MDA的影响,进一步研究白藜芦醇的作用机制。方法将54只大鼠随机分为三组(假手术组、急性胰腺炎组、白藜芦醇治疗组各18只)。应用逆行胰胆管穿刺注射牛黄胆酸钠制备SAP大鼠模型,白藜芦醇溶液通过阴茎背静脉注射,术后4 h剖杀,观察腹水量及胰、肝、肺、肾和肠壁组织的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)和组织学变化及白藜芦醇对其影响。结果模型组的胰、肺、肝、肾、小肠组织SOD活性降低、而MDA水平增加;白藜芦醇可明显升高胰、肺、肝、肠、肾组织的SOD活性,降低各组织的MDA水平,同时白藜芦醇可减轻大鼠各器官组织病理损害,以胰腺组织为主。结论氧自由基参与了SAP的病理生理过程。白藜芦醇可提高SAP大鼠多器官组织SOD活性、降低MDA水平而减轻组织脂质过氧化和组织器官功能损害。     

强震作用下连续箱梁桥破坏的反应谱分析

基于反应谱分析法,揭示了强震作用下箱梁桥破坏机制。考虑3种工况,运用有限元软件Midas对连续箱梁桥破坏进行数值模拟,从全桥地震反应谱位移图发现了强震作用下桥台台顶变形位移值十分明显。通过对主梁内力响应变化规律研究,揭示了横、纵向地震控制梁桥破坏的不同内力;证明了桥墩和跨中截面属于地震响应敏感部位。     

浅谈雾天高速公路实施交通管制的方式与方法

阐述了雾天高速公路实施交通管制的意义、方式及方法,为探索雾天如何提供安全的行车环境提供参考。     

大风天气下洋山港超大型船舶撤离泊位方法研究

根据洋山港自然、地理条件,运用目前在航道论证方面已经比较成熟的船舶操纵模拟器,有针对性地对大风天气下靠泊超大型船舶安全撤离泊位方法进行了研究;根据所选8000 TEU超大型集装箱船舶的模拟船型撤离泊位进行模拟实验的结果和在对实验数据充分、系统分析的基础上,提出了超大型船舶安全撤离泊位的具体方法,为洋山港超大型集装箱船舶在大风天气下安全撤离泊位提供比较科学的参考依据。     

Through the storm: Transit agency management in response to climate change

The increase in extreme weather events due to climate change poses serious challenges to public transit systems. These events disrupt transit operations, impair service quality, increase threats to public safety, and damage infrastructure. Despite the growing risk of extreme weather and climate change, little is known about how public managers recognize, experience and address these risks. Using data from a national study of public transit agencies we investigate the types of extreme weather events transit agencies are experiencing, the associated risks, and how agencies are preparing for them. We find that while extreme events are commonly experienced by transit agencies across states and transit managers perceive increased risks from these events, most agencies rely on the traditional emergency management approach to address extreme weather ex post rather than taking a proactive approach to mitigating the adverse weather impact on transit assets and infrastructure ex ante. Managers report that a lack of access to financial resources is the greatest challenge for undertaking adaptation and preparation. We conclude with a discussion of what these findings mean for understanding organizational adaptation behavior as well as climate adaptation policy making.     

Impact assessment of extreme weather events on transport networks: A data-driven approach

The present paper presents a data-driven method for assessing the resilience of the European passenger transport network during extreme weather events. The method aims to fill in the gap of current research efforts regarding the quantification of impacts attributed to climate change and the identification of substitutability opportunities between transport modes in case of extreme weather events (EWE). The proposed method consists of three steps concerning the probability estimation of an EWE occurring within a transportation network, the assessment of its impacts and the passengers’ flow shift between various transport modes. A mathematical formulation for the proposed data-driven method is provided and applied in an indicative European small-scale network, in order to assess the impacts of EWE on modal choice. Results are expressed in passenger differentiated flows and the paper concludes with future research steps and directions.     

恶劣气候对高速公路车辆出行的影响

针对恶劣气候条件下, 出行概率与影响交通出行的气候条件、出行距离和安全设施等因素的内在关系, 对出行概率与出行距离、气候特征等定量变量进行统计回归分析, 并建立了模型。模型的复相关系数为84%, 残差检验表明模型的线性假定成立。综合考虑安全设施对模型的影响, 给出出行概率与各影响因素的综合数学模型。分析结果表明恶劣气候严重程度与交通出行概率成反比关系, 恶劣气候条件下, 出行距离与出行概率成正比关系, 而不同的恶劣气候条件、车辆出行距离、道路安全设施完善程度对高速公路交通出行综合影响幅度在10%~50%之间。