用应力平衡法确定斜拉桥主梁的合理成桥状态

根据主梁截面上、下缘的正应力控制条件，综合考虑活载作用以及斜拉索索力对主梁成桥恒载弯矩的可调性，确定斜拉桥主梁的合理数量和相应的恒载弯矩合理城，并根据实际配置的预加力确定主梁恒载弯矩可行城，为斜拉桥的合理成桥状态的确定提供依据。     

双壳型船体结构稳态温度场和温度应力

用简化解析方法和有限元数值方法,分析了双壳型船体货舱区域在运载高温液货时的稳态温度场;根据船体结构的温度分布,用有限元法计算了其温度应力,同时与货物压力、海水静动压力、总纵弯矩等载荷作用下的结构应力做了比较。研究结果表明：在货舱结构温度场分析中用简化分析方法和有限元数值方法所得的计算结果相当一致;高温液货大幅度增加船体结构的纵向应力和横向应力,同时加剧结构不连续处的应力集中;槽型舱壁可以有效地释放     

Fatigue damage calculation for oil tanker and container ship structures

The fatigue behaviour of longitudinal stiffeners of oil tankers and container ships, subjected to dynamic loads, is analysed. The following dynamic load components are considered: hull girder vertical wave bending moment, alone and combined with the horizontal wave bending moment, hydrodynamic pressure and inertial forces caused by cargo acceleration.

The spectral method was selected to calculate the fatigue damage, based on S—N curves and Miner's rule. Following this approach, the fatigue damage may be calculated as a function of a stress parameter Ω_p, which represents the cumulative effect of wave induced loads in the unit of time and incorporates the combined effects of stress level and its occurring frequency.

Simple formulas for Ω_p of oil tankers and container ships are given, obtained from the results of hydrodynamic analyses performed on several ships, in different wave environments.

Several examples show the applicability of the methods to real ship structures. The method, however, still needs to be calibrated because of the simplifying hypotheses introduced in the loading conditions.     

水位快速变动下边坡稳定性分析

水位快速变动的库区边坡内渗流场的变化是引起边坡失稳滑动的一个重要因素。渗流场的变化一方面降低了滑带的抗剪强度参数,另一方面影响其应力场,从而导致滑坡破坏。取一理想边坡,通过FLAC3D数值模拟软件,计算得到：上升过程中安全系数随时间的变化表现为上升下降型,随水位的变化表现为下降上升型;下降过程中安全系数随时间、水位的变化都呈现为下降上升型,下降工况对边坡稳定影响最不利。     

荷载横变位下箱梁剪滞效应的二次抛物线解

不同于以往将荷载作用于箱梁的肋板处研究剪力滞效应,采用将对称的荷载作用于上翼缘板的其他横向位置,结合数值模拟的结果,以二次抛物线作为箱梁翼缘板的纵向位移函数,通过能量变分法,推导出荷载作用在横向任意位置时箱梁的应力,从而得到荷载在不同横向位置时箱梁剪力滞效应的变化规律.     

甲板开口围缘扁钢加强方式研究

针对开大长矩形口的甲板结构,在开口内缘加设围缘扁钢,可以降低角隅处的应力集中。采用参数化分析方法,基于结构有限元数值计算结果,研究不同甲板厚度、开口尺寸和角隅半径时,扁钢长、宽、厚尺寸参数对应力集中的影响,并分析其原因。研究结果表明,随着扁钢尺寸的增大,开口处应力集中系数为先减小后增大,合理地设计扁钢加强方式才能有效降低应力集中。通过参数化计算,提出开口处围缘扁钢加强方式优化设计思想,给出最佳扁钢宽度值、 厚度的设计公式及设计图谱,可以为甲板开口加强设计提供参考。     

Punching Shear Behavior of RC Slab-Column Connections with Nonrectangular Columns

This paper present an experimental study on the RC slab-colunm connections with nonrectangular colunms, namely cross-shaped column, T-shaped column and L-shaped column. The punching shear deformation and strength characteristics of slab-column connections with nonrectangular columns under punching shear load are investigated. Nine specimens with the three kinds of nonrectangular columns and two reference specimens with square columns are tested. The tested ultimate loads, deformations, and failur emodes of specimens are presented and discussed. Test results reveal that the punching shear strength and ductility of the connections with nonrectangular columns are higher than those of the corresponding connections with square columns, and also prove that the application of nonrectangular columns to flat-plate structure was feasible. Based on the test results, one method of calculating punching shear strength of connections with nonrectangular columns is proposed, which conforms with the current design practice of China. The test results on the punching shear strength are compared with the predictions of the formulas proposed by codes of several different countrie; and the predictions given by ACI code and China code are found to be conservative as the reinforcement ratio is increased.     

隧道内复合式路面沥青层混合料剪应力设计方法研究

针对当前高速公路隧道复合式路面沥青层混合料设计方法存在的不足,根据隧道交通及复合式路面的受力特点,首次提出了隧道复合式路面沥青层混合料的剪应力设计方法,并结合实际工程提供了设计示例,供同行参考应用。     

既有线提速路基动应力分析

通过对既有线提速区段路基的调研和试验,得出结论,动应力与轴重、速度及线路平顺性有关。列车提速时,轴重增加和轨道不平顺对路基动应力影响最大。路基面动应力在横向呈马鞍分布,动应力沿深度方向衰减较快。采用当量折算和Boussinesq公式推算出的提速后路基动应力与实测值接近。在既有线提速改造中,重点应消除路基病害,提高基床特别是基床表层的强度和稳定性。     

膨胀土深基坑开挖对邻近地铁设施变形的影响

随着全国各大城市地铁以及城市轻轨交通项目的快速兴建,在膨胀土分布区域,一系列的膨胀土深基坑工程位于地铁线路周边,对地铁隧道及车站的安全产生影响。膨胀土作为对工程危害严重的特殊土,膨胀土深基坑的开挖对邻近地铁设施的影响分析显得尤为重要。为此,以邻近成都地铁2号线洪河站某膨胀土深基坑工程为背景,运用FLAC3D数值软件建立计算模型,采用膨胀土抗剪强度折减的方法,对膨胀土深基坑分层开挖对邻近地铁设施的变形影响进行分析计算。计算结果表明:地铁隧道及车站的最大位移符合控制要求,数值计算结果与现场测试结果相近,表明考虑膨胀土抗剪强度衰减的方法可以用于膨胀土基坑分析计算,成果可为类似工程的设计和施工提供参考。