A multi-spring model for monopile analysis in soft clays

The offshore wind industry in China has seen a rapid development in recent years and is projected to account for half of global yearly installed capacity in the years to come. Monopiles are a popular foundation solution for supporting offshore wind turbines. However, due to challenging seabed soil conditions, which often feature thick normally consolidated soft clays and harsh environmental loading (i.e. frequent occurrence of typhoons), extremely long monopiles are often designed. The large monopiles are costly to fabricate and install and sometimes kills the viability of the concept in cases where the bedrock is relatively shallow and expensive piling in rock is otherwise required. However, the state-of-practice for designing these monopiles in clays is typically by using the API p-y springs, which are widely known to underestimate soil-pile interaction stiffness and capacity for large diameter monopiles. Improvement to the design method can therefore have significant economic implications to the industry. The paper presents an effort toward this direction. A multi-spring beam-column model suitable for monopile design in soil conditions in China is proposed. The model features three soil spring components, namely the lateral p-y spring, the pile tip base shear s-y spring and rotational m-θ springs along the pile shaft. The validity of the model is verified by a comprehensive suite finite element parametric analyses. Guidance for incorporating the cyclic loading effect into design is also provided. The model proposed in this paper has large potentials for application in design practice.     

垃圾电厂飞灰改性水泥土三轴试验研究

为研究垃圾飞灰改性水泥土的抗剪强度,提出将垃圾飞灰作为外掺料应用到水泥土的改性研究中。将粒径≤2 mm的黏土颗粒按照不同配比与水泥、飞灰配置成不同飞灰掺量的水泥土试样,采用室内GDS三轴固结排水的试验方法,研究水泥掺量在10%、飞灰掺入比在0%~20%、水泥土在养护龄期为7 d、14 d、28 d时的三轴抗剪强度特性。试验研究发现:1)垃圾飞灰掺入比为5%~10%时,抗剪强度提高最快,且在10%时达到极大值;垃圾飞灰水泥土的应力-应变曲线呈应变软化型,由剪缩向剪胀状态过渡;2)由脆性指标I B可知,飞灰掺量在5%左右时,水泥土整体的稳定性较好;3)内聚力c和内摩擦角φ都随飞灰掺量的增加而增加,其中飞灰掺量10%时,内聚力c达到极大值,飞灰掺量15%时,内摩擦角φ达到极大值;4)采用非线性回归方程(φ=ax ^3+bx ^2+cx+d)拟合内摩擦角与飞灰掺量的关系,从结果上看,采用此回归方程的相关系数高。本研究成果可供路基路面及软基处理参考。     

原位纳米SiO2防护剂对水泥砂浆防护效果的试验研究

为阻止空气中CO2渗入混凝土以提高其耐久性能,在试件表面采取涂刷由正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)、乙醇和水配制成的纳米SiO2防护剂的方法,待充分反应后,测试试件吸水率和碳化深度并对试件横断面进行显微硬度检测。试验结果表明:1)不同配合比的防护剂均可降低砂浆吸水率和碳化深度,当防护剂配比为乙醇∶水∶TEOS=4∶1∶3时防护效果最明显,其中吸水率可降低73%,碳化深度至少降低50%;2)根据显微硬度以及碳化试验结果,试件表层硬度随着防护剂的渗入逐渐提高,其有效作用深度为1 mm-2 mm。结论是原位纳米SiO2防护剂可用于混凝土表层防护,可提高结构的耐久性。     

整车滑行阻力理论计算方法

通过对预研车型子系统如风阻、重量、轮胎滚阻系数等目标参数进行分析,结合参考车型道路滑行和转鼓滑行的试验数据,利用汽车相关理论原理,提出了三种计算预研车型的理论滑行阻力的方法,用于前期仿真和排放试验摸底.     

垃圾土力学特性及其路基填筑应用研究

将垃圾土应用于公路路基填筑是实现垃圾土大规模资源化利用的有效途径。本文首先对实际垃圾土进行筛分处理,制得适用于公路路基的垃圾筛余土(简称垃圾土);进而,通过室内试验研究了直接压实垃圾土和固化垃圾土的抗剪强度、CBR值等力学特性;以此为基础,修筑直接压实垃圾土路基试验段,并采用适宜的新型施工工艺修筑固化垃圾土路基试验段,监测路基的工后沉降随时间的变化规律,对比两种垃圾土路基的应用效果。结果表明:固化垃圾土与直接压实垃圾土相比,粘聚力提高1.6~1.9倍,内摩擦角提高30%以上,CBR值提高4.5~5.1倍;固化垃圾土路基的工后沉降比直接压实垃圾土路基降低64.7%,且能够更早地趋于稳定。以上结果证明:本文提出的固化垃圾土路基施工工艺和垃圾土资源化利用途径是可行的。     

Mode jumping in the lateral buckling of subsea pipelines

Unburied subsea pipelines under high-temperature conditions tend to relieve their axial compressive stress by forming localised lateral buckles. This phenomenon is traditionally studied under the assumption of a specific lateral deflection profile (mode) consisting of a fixed number of lobes. We study lateral thermal buckling as a genuinely localised buckling phenomenon by applying homoclinic (‘flat’) boundary conditions. By not having to assume a particular buckling mode we are in a position to study transitions between these traditional modes in typical loading sequences. For the lateral resistance we take a realistic nonlinear pipe-soil interaction model for partially embedded pipelines. We find that for soils with appreciable breakout resistance, i.e., nonmonotonicity of the lateral resistance characteristic, sudden jumps between modes may occur. We consider both symmetric and antisymmetric solutions. The latter turn out to require much higher temperature differences between pipe and environment for the jumps to be induced. We carry out a parameter study on the effect of various pipe-soil interaction parameters on this mode jumping. Away from the jumps post-buckling solutions are reasonably well described by the traditional modes whose analytical expressions may be used during preliminary design.     

碎石桩软土复合地基整体抗剪强度研究

振冲碎石桩作为散体材料桩与周围的软土形成的复合地基,同钢筋混凝土桩、钢管桩等刚性桩形成的复合地基在工作原理、承载力分析等方面存在着本质的不同。与刚性桩相比,碎石桩作为垂直排水通道,能够加快周围软土的排水固结,提高桩间土的整体强度。同时碎石桩自身的承载力发挥又取决于周围土体的侧向支撑作用。如何确定碎石桩复合地基的整体抗剪强度对于发挥碎石桩的作用至关重要。以港珠澳大桥香港口岸人工岛项目碎石桩的工程应用为例,对比碎石桩软土复合地基整体抗剪强度计算的异同,通过数值模拟和现场监测等手段对参数取值进行分析,对今后类似工况条件下碎石桩复合地基的抗剪强度计算具有指导意义。     

质子交换膜燃料电池接触电阻研究进展

质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)接触电阻问题是制约其商业化发展的一个重要因素。影响接触电阻的因素可归纳为电池材料、组装参数、工作参数和其他因素。本文主要介绍了PEMFC的接触电阻及其影响因素,并综述了降低接触电阻的方法。     

空气溢流系统设计

文章描述了空气溢流系统的基本概念和其常规设计,并对GL所提出的闭式燃油溢流系统及其相关的阻力计算进行了分析。     

"翠洲"轮延伸航线稳性、抗风性研究

“翠洲”轮原是一艘从事长江仪征到栖霞过江运输的简易油船,主机功率较小,航速较低,在给该轮延伸航线改造时,船舶稳性、抗风性方面问题较为突出.通过理论分析和实航研究,解决了上述问题,确保了海上航行的安全.文章对此作了较详细的介绍.