我国沿海关键水域设定分道的认识和探讨

我国沿海船舶活动频繁且通航密度大、航线设计交汇叠加、会遇局面频繁发生、船舶交通事故及险情多发,在这样的航路上,规划和设立分道是目前最有效的方式.文中就沿海关键水域设定分道通航进行了探讨,以期优化我国沿岸航行船舶航路,努力减少我国沿海的航行风险.     

BW模型在掩护水域内波浪计算中的应用

采用MIKE21-BW模型分别对平底地形下单突堤的波浪绕射以及实际地形下某港港内波浪场进行模拟及验证,将模拟结果与规范中的计算图解及物模试验结果进行对比分析,吻合良好。同时研究发现,由于该模型数值格式的限制,在波浪斜向入射的情况下,模型的计算结果存在较为明显的误差,而经过地形逆向旋转处理,将波浪入射方向调整为正向入射的方法可以较好地改善模型的计算结果。另外,在某港实际地形下的波浪模拟中,还探讨了谱峰因子γ的变化对该港港内波浪场的影响。     

Access System Framework for Regulating Offshore Wind Power in State Waters

Published research suggests the presence of a large wind resource off the U.S. coast. Although there is considerable interest among wind power developers in the coastal states, few projects have been proposed to date. A major factor constraining resource development is the lack of a regulatory framework to provide access to the ocean space and allocate property rights to the submerged lands where the wind turbines can be installed. Efforts to address this void began in 2005 at the federal level, but it has progressed unevenly and unsuccessfully since that time. At the state level, no coastal state has adopted a comprehensive and detailed regime to regulate, manage, and oversee this new ocean use in state waters. This article examines various approaches taken by coastal states to facilitate existing and emerging ocean uses and recommends a regulatory framework for installing offshore wind turbines in state waters.     

On the distribution of dissolved lead in the Loire estuary and the North Biscay continental shelf, France

The dissolved lead was studied in the whole salinity gradient of the system composed of the Loire estuary and the North Biscay continental shelf. About 130 samples were collected in winter 2001 and spring 2002 during Nutrigas and Gasprod campaigns (Programme PNEC-Golfe de Gascogne, RV Thalassa) and metal measurements were conducted on board by Potentiometric Stripping Analysis. In the Loire estuary, levels of dissolved lead ranged from 0.15 to 0.24 nM and from 0.04 to 0.26 nM in winter and spring, respectively. Compared to the concentrations reported in 1987 and 1990 (0.4–1.7 nM; Boutier, B., Chiffoleau, J.F., Auger, D., Truquet, I., 1993. Influence of the Loire river on dissolved lead and cadmium concentrations in coastal waters of Brittany. Estuar. Coast. Shelf S., 36:133–143, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 36, 133–143) our study indicated much lower values. The fall in concentration in the estuary could be attributed to the stopping of activity of Octel, a big manufacturer of tetra alkyl lead. Discharge in dissolved metal to the continental shelf by the Loire river was assessed as 7.5 and 1.9 kg day^− 1 for winter and spring, respectively. On the continental shelf, levels of dissolved lead varied within 0.06 and 0.27 nM in winter (0.15 ± 0.06 nM, sd = 1.96, n = 49), whereas concentrations measured in spring were in the range 0.06–0.17 nM (0.09 ± 0.03 nM, sd = 1.96, n = 60). This difference in metal concentration was related to the amounts of rainfall that have fallen over the continental shelf: estimations of inputs by this way (74 and 32 kg day^− 1 in winter and spring, respectively) appeared to be significantly higher than inputs from the Loire river (7.5 and 1.9 kg day^− 1 in winter and spring, respectively). The distributions of dissolved metal in the surface waters highlighted the role of suspended particular matter (SPM) for a rapid “trapping” of lead near the mouth of the estuary. The vertical distributions showed, in the stratified area, a biological transfer of lead between winter and spring from surface waters to the halocline.     

威海长会口海湾大桥桥区水域乘潮保证率分析研究

为确定通过拟建大桥的船型,为桥区水域的疏浚提供技术依据,对长会口海湾大桥桥区水域(长会口嘴天然航道)的乘潮保证率进行计算和分析,构建计算模型,并对不同计算方法的结果进行比对。     

试论《中华人民共和国内河避碰规则》的局限性

在充分肯定了《内河避碰规则》的主体框架的基础上,针对目前反映比较突出的一些问题做了细致的分析,例如一些条款不够全面;有些条款用词陈旧,不够准确;对操限船、限于吃水船及失控船的概念没有提及;将内河的主要运输船型——拖带或顶推船没有纳入操限船的范畴等,对当前内河的航行安全产生了不利影响。针对这些问题,分别提出了新的建议。     

浅海公路锁块路面应用前景

在土质海岸浅海水域建设公路,意味着准一级公路穿越＂滩涂泥沼区＂、＂潮汐落差区＂和＂海水永浸区＂而挺进大海,与港口码头相接。这三大区域均是大沉降量和不均匀沉降经常发生的地段,一般路面结构很难适应。因此,研究适宜的路面结构形式及其作业工法,填补、丰富其现行《施工技术规范》和《质量检验与评定标准》之空白是无法回避的问题。     

柴油-LNG内河散货船风险识别研究

文中在介绍危险识别的方法基础上，经过对柴油-LNG双燃料发动机改装船舶的系统综合分析，识别出各类潜在危险可能对船舶因改装为柴油-LNG双燃料船舶后所构成的安全威胁，运用故障树和事件树方法分别分析LNG储气罐和机舱火灾的风险后果，得出减少事故发生的措施     

大型重载船舶在受限水域操纵中若干问题探讨

大型重载船舶航行在受限水域,不仅缩小了可航水道的宽度,并且富余水深小,浅水效应与岸壁效应明显,增大了操纵难度.此文结合水深、航道宽度等影响因素,阐述了大型重载船舶港内受限水域操纵中,对于船位控制、过弯操纵以及拖轮应急制动等方面的特殊要求,并结合船舶操纵实际,提出在受限水域中的安全操纵要领及注意事项.     

广东南沙至西江内河船型探讨

在分析了广东省南沙至西江内河主干航道航行条件的基础上,探讨了南沙至西江内河标准化船型,对我省内河船型标准化具有现实意义．