基于灰色系统理论的船舱室噪声估算及降噪技术研究

以某型出口拖船为研究对象,提出基于灰色系统理论的船舱室噪声估算方法,通过对估算结果进行分析,提出优化的降噪技术。通过海上实船实验证明,提出的估算方法及降噪技术具有明显的降噪效果,对今后相关船舶开发提供了有力的参考依据。     

北京市丰台科技园东区公共自行车系统规划

公共自行车系统是落实公交优先,解决最后一公里交通问题的有效措施之一。通过发展公共自行车,可改善公共交通服务水平,合理限制使用小汽车等组合交通措施,实现吸引小汽车出行向公共交通转移。该文结合北京丰台科技园区公共自行车规划研究的工作实践,探讨根据园区的特点,明确服务主体,对公共自行车系统的功能进行定位,从而确定系统规模,以对规划进行总量控制。根据公共自行车规划特点,分类分块设置服务站点,制定出不同的设置方案,并提炼近期实施方案。通过对各服务站点配车进行平衡,使衔接地铁、公交的服务站点规模,与服务公建和居住站点的规模相当。为保证规划的可实施性,对站点的具体设施、路权等进行了分析。     

基于交通战略下优化结构设计的若干思考

针对我国公路建设行业既有的设计理念在交通战略大格局中暴露出的若干问题,对交通战略下我国现行结构设计理念进行了初步探讨,提出在战略高度上转变设计理念,以便更有利于现代化交通战略的实现。     

从权利与义务、公平与效率视角探讨高职贫困生资助工作

本文基于对高职院校贫困生特点的分析,依次从“权利”与“义务”对等、“公平’’与“效率”合理兼顾两个视角对当前高职院校贫困生资助工作进行了探讨,提出一些高职院校贫困生资助工作的思路与对策。     

Characterization of Ship Traffic in Right Whale Critical Habitat

Collisions with ships are a significant threat to the endangered North Atlantic right whale. To reduce this threat, The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) established the Mandatory Ship Reporting System (MSRS) in July 1999. Under this system, all commercial ships, 300 gross tons or greater, are required to report to a shore-based station when entering either of two areas surrounding designated critical habitat: one in waters off the northeastern United States and the other off the southeastern United States. Information reported to the system includes entry location, destination, intended route, and speed. Reporting ships receive an automated message indicating precautionary steps to be taken to avoid hitting whales. Ship tracks between sequential ship locations were estimated by using a geographic information system (GIS) and mapped to illustrate traffic patterns within the MSRS. In the northeast, 69% of all valid tracks transited right whale critical habitat areas. All but two southeastern tracks intersected critical habitat. “High-use” traffic corridors were identified within the system. The majority of ships (59%) traveled at speeds greater or equal to 14 kn, a reported speed at which large whales may be critically injured. This characterization provides a portrait of ship traffic in right whale aggregation areas that can be used to develop measures to reduce the threat of ship strikes to right whales.     

An application of interactive management information systems to environmental planning: Coastal zone management

Recent emphasis in comprehensive planning for coastal zone regions has created the need for more effective tools for information processing and analysis to aid policymakers and planners in developing strategies for preservation of coastal zone areas. New agencies with broad powers have been created at both state and federal levels to deal with growth management in large coastal regions. However, coastal zone management (CZM) agencies have not yet been able to deal effectively with development processes. A “holding action”; is being maintained in the face of mounting pressure by developers, while planners struggle to develop (1) a data base with sufficient detail for planning; (2) a fair and rapid process for reviewing environmental impact statements and granting of development permits; and (3) a system for making the development permit application process more routine. The key to success of the CZM process is the development of a management information system (MIS) created explicitly for CZM. The prototypical system designed by the authors combines graphic display capabilities (i.e., map display) with interactive on‐line computing and large storage‐capacity computers. Problems of data structure development are documented, together with problems of assembling a large‐scale, highly detailed data base. Of particular importance is the need for well‐developed objectives and specifications for the use of computer‐based data in resolving disputes on environmental issues. A set of objectives and specifications for a prototypical coastal zone MIS is developed. The system is described in detail, showing how its capabilities directly address policy questions formulated by coastal zone planners.     

上承式三肋混凝土拱桥的横向分布规律试验分析

通过大跨三肋拱桥的荷载试验实测结果与空间有限元计算结果的比较和分析发现,在正载情况下,实测三个拱肋的横向分布特性是对称的,但中肋的实测横向分布系数明显较理论值大;在偏载情况下,偏载一侧的拱肋实测横向分布系数也较计算值大,远离偏载一侧的拱肋横向分布系数明显较小,这些现象表明,三肋拱桥的实际横向联系和横向刚度较弱,实桥通过横向联系分配和传递横向荷载的能力较比理论值小。三肋拱桥设计和加固时应考虑这一现象的影响。     

《著作权法》传播权修改建议

现行《著作权法》关于传播权的规定,体系杂乱,各项权利涵盖范围之间存在重叠,文字表述过于僵化,不具弹性,无法很好地适应不断发展的传播技术。建议对现行的传播权类型进行整合,引入技术中立、涵盖范围广泛的"向公众传播权"的概念。     

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随着智能交通的发展,海量的交通状态实时数据成为智能交通的研究对象,利用低损耗获取高实时性的交通流状态成为实际应用研究中的重点.本文引入一种自适应加权平均的车速检测方法,与以往的方法相比,自适应加权平均方法更加简单,并且容易实现;虽然其误差比最小均方差加权平均算法略大,但是这种方法不必以存储海量的交通信息数据为代价,解决了交通信息采集过程中的关键——实时性不高、存储容量大等实际问题.通过MATLAB仿真结果可以看到,此方法大大节省了数据存储空间和数据处理的时间,适合在实际工程应用中广泛推广.     

试论提单在海上货物运输中的债权凭证属性

在海上货物运输领域,提单是海上货物运输合同的证明;是证明货物由承运人接受或去装船的单证;是承运人据以交付货物的保证。提单保证据以交付货物,符合债权凭证的特征。基于运输合同的性质,收货人或提单持有人要求承运人凭单放货这一权利是一种基于合同约定而产生的债权请求权,而承运人根据提单据以交货也是一种基于合同的义务。若承运人无单放货或是其它行为导致收货人或者提单持有人债权无法实现,承运人应当承担的是违约责任。因此,在海上货物运输过程中,提单是作为一种债权凭证存在的。