极早期烟雾报警系统在列车中的应用分析

分析列车起火因素,介绍典型火灾发展的过程,阐述传统早期烟雾报警系统的缺陷和极早期烟雾报警系统在列车中应用的优势,并给出极早期烟雾报警系统在列车中的初步应用方案。     

一种低信噪比环境下的基音检测方法

噪声是低信噪比环境下影响基音检测准确率的主要因素之一,为此提出一种基于形态学滤波和小波变换相结合的基音检测方法。该方法首先用形态学滤波器滤除噪声,突出基音。然后在小波域利用Teager能量算子区分清、浊音,通过浊音小波系数模的极大值提取基音。实验结果表明,在信噪比较小时该方法也能准确地检测出语音信号的基音,与传统的基音检测方法相比,该方法有较强的抗噪性。     

车轮高温对红外轴温探测影响的试验研究

通过制动试验模拟车轮高温热辐射对红外轴温探测的影响,研究形成特殊轴温波形及探测到高温的原因。     

基于频谱检测的短波认知用户性能优化

为保证短波通信传输可靠性,改善短波通信质量,提高短波通信频谱利用率,本文以Watterson短波信道模型为基础,研究基于频谱检测的短波认知用户性能优化方法。首先建立短波授权用户的业务量指数分布通信模型,在此基础上求取衡量认知用户检测性能的检测门限、检测概率和虚警概率之间的关系。重点分析一定授权用户干扰容限下,认知用户系统吞吐量最优化问题,通过数值理论简化得到可控参数的最优化近似解。最后在理想信道、好信道、中等信道和差信道上,分别从检测时间、数据帧长和授权用户业务量对认知用户系统吞吐量的影响进行评估。仿真结果验证了基于频谱检测的短波通信系统中存在可控参数的最优解。     

城市大直径管道多维联合检测方法研究

探明地下污水管线运营的实际情况是后期维护的重要依据,而目前的探测方法不能全面掌握地下管线的精确探测问题。针对郑州地铁下穿污水管的运营情况,采用高密度电法、地质雷达检测技术,结合自行研发的浮于水面的彩色成像系统探测技术对其进行了间接探测和直观探测,找到了污水管渗漏、空洞及错位等问题,实现了对管道的多维立体监测,为地下管线的保护、修复和加固提供了技术支撑。     

Surf-riding and oscillations of a ship in quartering waves

The behavior of a ship encountering large regular waves from astern at low frequency is the object of investigation, with a parallel study of surf-riding and periodic motion paterns. First, the theoretical analysis of surf-riding is extended from purely following to quartering seas. Steady-state continuation is used to identify all possible surf-riding states for one wavelength. Examination of stability indicates the existence of stable and unstable states and predicts a new type of oscillatory surf-riding. Global analysis is also applied to determine the areas of state space which lead to surf-riding for a given ship and wave conditions. In the case of overtaking waves, the large rudder-yaw-surge oscillations of the vessel are examined, showing the mechanism and conditions responsible for loss of controllability at certain vessel headings.List of symbols c wave celerity (m/s) - C(p) roll damping moment (Ntm) - g acceleration of gravity (m/s²) - GM metacentric height (m) - H wave height (m) - I _x ,I _z roll and yaw ship moments of inertia (kg m²) - k wave number (m^–1) - K _H ,K _W ,K _R hull reaction, wave, rudder, and propeller - K _p forces in the roll direction (Ntm) - m ship mass (kg) - n propeller rate of rotation (rpm) - N _H ,N _W ,N _R hull reaction, wave, rudder, and propeller - N _P moments in the yaw direction (Ntm) - p roll angular velocity (rad/s) - r rate-of-turn (rad/s) - R(,x) restoring moment (Ntm) - Res(u) ship resistance (Nt) - t time (s) - u surge velocity (m/s) - U vessel speed (m/s) - v sway velocity (m/s) - W ship weight (Nt) - x longitudinal position of the ship measured from the wave system (m) - x _G ,z _G longitudinal and vertical center of gravity (m) - x _S longitudinal position of a ship section (S), in the ship-fixed system (m) - X _H ,X _W ,X _R hull reaction, wave, rudder, and propeller - X _P forces in the surge direction (Nt) - y transverse position of the ship, measured from the wave system (m) - Y _H ,Y _W ,Y _R hull reaction, wave, rudder, and propeller - Y _p forces in the sway direction (Nt) - z _Y vertical position of the point of action of the lateral reaction force during turn (m) - z _W vertical position of the point of action of the lateral wave force (m) Greek symbols angle of drift (rad) - rudder angle (rad) - wavelength (m) - position of the ship in the earth-fixed system (m) - water density (kg/m³) - angle of heel (rad) - heading angle (rad) - _e frequency of encounter (rad/s) Hydrodynamic coefficients K roll added mass - N _v ,N _r yaw acceleration coefficients - N _v N _r N _rr N _rrv ,N _vvr yaw velocity coefficients K. Spyrou: Ship behavior in quartering waves - X _u surge acceleration coefficient - X _u X _vr surge velocity coefficients - Y _v ,Y _r sway acceleration coefficients - Y _v ,Y _r ,Y _vv ,Y _rr ,Y _vr sway velocity coefficients European Union-nominated Fellow of the Science and Technology Agency of Japan, Visiting Researcher, National Research Institute of Fisheries Engineering of Japan     

图像测量技术在汽车轴距差检测中的应用研究

通过采集汽车直行中轮胎印迹图像 ,利用偏差相对测量法 ,即先测出汽车单轴的偏斜量 ,然后计算出汽车轴距左右差。通过开发的检测系统进行试验 ,结果表明 ,检测精度满足汽车轴距左右差在线检测要求。     

公路交通参数检测器的设计

提出了一种公路交通参数检测器的设计方案。检测器分为检测模块与处理模块两部分，利用LC并联谐振电路与锁相环工作原理，设计了基于单片计算机的检测模块；根据检测器的性能要求，设计了基于单片计算机的处理模块，完成对数据的采集、处理、存贮与传输。本检测器具有实用性好、抗噪声与防串音能力强、工作稳定度高和易于实现联网工作的优点。     

汽车离合器从动盘扭转耐久试验中弹簧疲劳断裂的自动识别

对汽车离合器从动盘扭转耐久试验中弹簧断裂的自动识别技术进行研究，提出一种以弹簧刚度特性变化为识别特征的识别原理，进行了相关的分析计算；介绍了基于此原理的自动识别方案及测试过程，并给出实际运行结果。此技术提高了测试智能化水平。     

偏压连拱隧道病害分析及治理措施

基于某高速公路偏压连拱隧道衬砌发生严重破坏和隧道上方发生较大规模的山体开裂等病害,采用地震CT手段对隧道周围的工程地质进行了探测;根据现场监测数据,分析了隧道支护结构的受力状态及其安全性;对复杂地质条件下两种典型的施工方案进行了动态施工的数值模拟,对比分析了不同施工方案对围岩稳定和衬砌受力的影响;探讨了衬砌发生严重破坏的原因,并提出了相应的治理措施。研究结果表明:连拱隧道内侧断裂带、上方松散层等不良地质条件和不合理的施工方案是导致隧道衬砌严重破坏和山体地表开裂的主要原因。研究结果为分析和治理偏压连拱隧道病害提供了依据。