氢能源产业技术标准化发展现况

氢能作为一种高效、清洁、可持续利用的二次能源被认为是构建未来以可再生能源为主的多元能源结构的重要载体,以其开发和利用技术为主逐渐形成全球化氢能产业规模,氢能产业技术发展离不开氢能技术标准的推动和支撑,纵观国内外氢能技术标准化的发展及现况,我国氢能技术与国外还存在很大的差距,在液氢制取与储运、船用氢能燃料电池动力系统、加氢站关键设备及部件等技术方面需要加大科研投入,预研相关技术标准,提前谋划布局,以标准引领我国氢能技术及产业快速、高质量发展。     

内河船舶生活污水处理若干问题及建议

该文结合新发布的《内河船舶法定检验技术法规(2019)》等法规内容,就内河船舶生活污水对水域环境的影响,对目前生活污水处理所使用的技术和方法进行简单分析,指出现实存在的一些问题,并针对性地提出了防治建议。     

准比例谐振控制算法在三相逆变电源中的应用研究

非线性负载会在三相车载逆变电源系统中引入谐波,损伤用电设备。为了降低逆变电源输出电压谐波含量,文章研究了基于准比例谐振控制算法的谐波抑制方法 ,主要抑制电源输出的5次和7次谐波。通过仿真模型和实物试验,测试了传统瞬时控制方法和准比例谐振控制方法的差别。结果表明,准比例谐振控制方法既能消除输出电压中的特定次谐波,又可满足系统动态响应性能和稳态精度要求,具有良好的谐波抑制效果。     

Integrated models of land use and transportation for the autonomous vehicle revolution

ABSTRACT

The advent of the autonomous vehicle (AV) will affect not only the transportation system, but also future patterns of land development. Integrated land use and transportation models will be critical tools in assessing the path forward with this technology. Key questions with respect to land use impacts of AVs arise from potential changes in sensitivity to travel and reduced demand for parking. It is an open question whether AVs will induce urban sprawl, or whether spatial economies of agglomeration will mitigate any reductions in travel time sensitivity. The deployment of shared fleets of AVs would likely reduce parking demand, producing yet to be explored impacts on property development within existing urban footprints. We perform a critical assessment of currently operational models and their ability to represent the adoption of AVs. We identify the representation of time in such models as a vital component requiring additional development to model this new technology. Existing model applications have focused on the discrete addition of new infrastructure or policy at a fixed point in time, whereas AV adoption will occur incrementally through time. Stated adaptation surveys are recommended as tools to quantify preferences and develop relevant model inputs. It is argued that existing models that assume comparatively static equilibrium have been convenient in the past, but are insufficient to model technology adoption. In contrast, dynamic model frameworks lack sufficient structure to maintain reasonability under large perturbations from base conditions. The ongoing advancement of computing has allowed models to move away from being mechanistic aggregate tools, towards behaviourally rich depictions of individual persons and firms. However, much work remains to move from projections of existing conditions into the future, to the evolution of the spatial economy as it evolves through time in response to new technologies and exogenous stresses. Principles from complex and evolutionary systems theory will be important in the development of models with the capacity to consider such dynamics.     

铁路牵引供电系统安全防护与优化技术方案硏究

为了提高铁路牵引供电系统安全防护等级,加强防范强电侵入的能力,减少雷击事故对铁路运输以及设备维护造成的经济损失,本文分析了牵引变电所常见的强电侵入类型及途径,针对现有问题逐一提出了优化技术方案,并阐述了研究思路及方案具体实施方法。     

Online channel strategies under different offline channel power structures for the Belt and Road of China

ABSTRACT

This paper explores the online channel strategies adopted by Chinese manufacturers with regard to the Belt and Road. It also investigates the effect of offline channel power structures and maritime transportation costs on online channel mode selection and pricing strategies. The offline channel power structures are classified into three types, namely, Chinese manufacturer Stackelberg (MS) structure, vertical Nash (VN) structure, and foreign retailer Stackelberg (RS) structure. Furthermore, a game model is developed among the Chinese manufacturer, foreign retailer, and cross-border e-tailer to investigate the interactions among offline channel power structures, maritime transportation costs, and Chinese manufacturers’ online channel mode selection. The results show that Chinese manufacturers’ preferences for the online agency selling mode increases correspondingly with the decrease in their market position and bargaining power. Moreover, foreign retailers can obtain higher profits in the online agency selling mode under the VN structure. However, the level of profit for foreign retailers depends on the intensity of their competition with cross-border e-tailers under the MS and RS structures. Finally, consumers in countries along the Belt and Road can obtain a higher surplus in the online agency selling mode under all of the structures.     

大型船舶钨极氩弧重熔工艺应用

疲劳破坏是船体结构的主要破坏形式之一。改进结构节点的设计和施工工艺,可保证船体结构中受交变载荷作用的构件有足够的疲劳寿命。钨极氩弧(Tungsten Inert Gas, TIG)重熔是改善结构节点焊后疲劳强度的有效方法。与目前船上常用的几种改善疲劳强度的方法进行分析对比,对TIG重熔工艺的重要性进行充分论证,获得实施TIG重熔工艺的技术标准和操作要点。TIG重熔工艺不仅改善结构节点疲劳强度,而且为建造具有较长疲劳寿命的大型船舶找到一个行之有效的方法,可产生良好的经济和社会效益。     

基于Cognex视觉的机器人自动搬运控制

针对企业原有生产圆盘类连接轴的工艺,设计了基于Cognex视觉的机器人自动搬运系统,将S7-300 PLC、Cognex视觉系统和FANUC机器人系统集成在一起,实现了1台机器人同时为铣床和车床2个加工系统自动上下料;通过Profibus总线和Ethernet通讯将PLC技术、视觉技术与工业机器人结合起来,发挥了工业以太网传输速度快、信号稳定的优势,提高了机器人的柔性取料能力;目前已应用在企业当中,提高了企业的自动化程度及生产效率,降低了企业的用工支出。     

散货船舱口盖剩余强度

通过对散货船舱口盖极限强度的理论分析，采用了正交各向异性板及刚塑性模型进行了理论上的推导，并对7万t散货船的1号舱的舱口盖(两块对称滚动式)，进行了ILL66及IACS URS21(1998年版与上述ILL66的88议定书中载荷的量级相当)的外载荷的比较及线性和非线性的有限元分析。本文所采用的有限元的线性及弹塑性计算对实际的舱口盖进行评估的结果证明，IACS URS21(ILL66的88议定书)的标准比ILL66的标准有所提高。采用非线性有限元法是在初始设计阶段使用的可行方法。这些结果可供规范研制工作参考。     

A new solution for two-bag air suspension system with leaf spring for heavy-duty vehicle

The design problem of a two-bag air suspension system for heavy-duty vehicles is formulated as a two-level (suspension system level and component level) optimization problem. At the suspension system level, optimal stiffness matrix of leaf spring, characteristics of damper and upper rod layout are determined by solving a multi-objective constrained optimization problem with response surface. At the component level, shape and thickness of the leaf spring are formed using cubic-spline curves to make the stiffness matrix as close to the target values cascaded from suspension system level as possible. Simulations using a vehicle model described by multi-body model and FEM of the novel leaf spring validate the suspension system thus derived.