An integrated risk assessment model: A case of sustainable freight transportation systems

The major challenge in the development of sustainable freight transportation systems (SFTSs) is due to the involvement of numerous dynamic uncertainties and intrinsic sustainability risks. Sustainability risks are potential threats that can have undesirable impacts on the sustainability of a system. The main objective of this study is to identify and evaluate the sustainability risks associated with freight transportation systems (FTSs). Accordingly, a risk analysis approach is developed by innovatively integrating the intuitionistic fuzzy set theory and D-number theory to quantitatively model the sustainability risks. Intuitionistic fuzzy numbers can examine both the membership and non-membership degrees of an element while the D-number theory increases the objectivity of assessments by fusing multiple expert judgments. The proposed risk assessment model facilitates the managers in the development of SFTSs by ensuring visibility, predictability and measurability in freight operations. Unlike the conventional perception, the findings indicate that most of the high priority sustainability risks in FTSs are socially induced rather than financially driven and consciousness in people’s conduct is must to attain the positive results. The analysis alerts the freight managers toward the high priority sustainability risks and guides in pro-active strategy formulation and optimum allocation of mitigation resources to minimize disruptions in SFTSs.     

仿真在造船企业管子生产物流系统中的应用

以某造船企业管子分厂产能评估为应用背景,针对生产过程为多班制、多工艺、多工序、混合作业的复杂生产方式,将生产物流仿真系统分为输入层、仿真层、输出层三个层次,采用面向对象的仿真技术,把管子生产物流中的各种要素分为不同的类,构建了管子生产物流系统的仿真模型.并对管子分厂生产能力在不同工况条件下,在不同生产调度策略下分别进行了评估.通过仿真评估帮助决策者制定出最佳的决策,提高生产能力.     

造船成组技术在生产设计中的应用

在分析目前国内造船业存在的问题的基础上,介绍造船成组技术的内容及应用,以期能够提高船舶质量、缩短造船周期、增加船舶产量、提高市场竞争力及降低制造成本.     

基于ANSYS/FE-SAFE的造船门式起重机疲劳仿真分析

使用有限元分析软件ANSYS对300 t造船门式起重机金属结构建模并进行静力学分析,在此基础上利用FE-SAFE软件对其典型工况进行疲劳仿真分析,再利用ANSYS后处理模块获得金属结构的疲劳寿命云图,从而确定起重机结构各局部的疲劳寿命,为改进造船门式起重机结构、提高疲劳寿命提供理论基础.     

造船行业清洁生产标准的构建

针对目前造船行业清洁生产标准缺失的问题,依据中国《清洁生产标准制订技术导则》(HJ/T 425-2008),参考机械行业、汽车行业清洁生产标准,结合造船行业的自身特点和清洁生产要求,确定了造船行业清洁生产标准研究的技术路线。通过广泛调研并经咨询行业专家,首次提出并构架了造船行业清洁生产标准指标体系,并以此为标准采用功效系数法对某船舶企业进行了清洁生产绩效水平评估。结果表明：提出的造船行业清洁生产标准具有较强的科学性和针对性,可以作为船舶企业清洁生产的依据,可以为造船行业清洁生产工作的推进和绩效评估提供参考。     

浅析利用竞争情报提升船舶设计/制造企业的核心竞争力

简要叙述了竞争情报在船舶设计/制造企业的发展和市场竞争中的战略地位,并通过对科技情报与竞争情报的区别、竞争情报的模式、企业竞争情报的获取途径和目前开展竞争情报工作亟待解决的问题的分析,阐明利用竞争情报提升船舶设计/制造企业的核心竞争力的可行性和必要性.     

Multi-scale robustness model for highway networks under flood events

Transportation system infrastructure often experiences severe flood-related disruptions such as overtopping, erosion, and scour. The ensuing damages can result in enormous direct and indirect economic losses to the traffic network and consequently the individuals through conditions like inaccessibility to commuters and reduction in traffic safety. Many studies have claimed that a robust transportation system could significantly prevent such consequences from natural hazards such as floods, highlighting the importance of robustness measures that could be used by decision-makers to properly manage flooded transportation system. Most available measures related to network robustness assessment are qualitative, and while some recent studies have focused on such evaluation using quantitative assessment approaches related to environmental or social-economic operations, they lack the holistic view towards robustness under flood events. This study develops a composite multi-scale transportation-system robustness model considering flood hazards by synthesizing geographical damage recognition, topological functionality analysis, network operation evaluation, and traffic-user loss estimation. This integrated model has been applied in a real-world highway network, mainly revealing that a given intensive flood occurrence at different locations may result in a variety of after-flood disruptions in the transportation network. To assist the asset owners with developing more reasonable prevention and recovery plans, the developed multi-scale robustness index presents both visible multi-denominational flood consequences and an overall post-event transportation-system robustness indicator.     

Governing autonomous vehicles: emerging responses for safety,liability, privacy,cybersecurity, and industry risks

ABSTRACT

The benefits of autonomous vehicles (AVs) are widely acknowledged, but there are concerns about the extent of these benefits and AV risks and unintended consequences. In this article, we first examine AVs and different categories of the technological risks associated with them. We then explore strategies that can be adopted to address these risks, and explore emerging responses by governments for addressing AV risks. Our analyses reveal that, thus far, governments have in most instances avoided stringent measures in order to promote AV developments and the majority of responses are non-binding and focus on creating councils or working groups to better explore AV implications. The US has been active in introducing legislations to address issues related to privacy and cybersecurity. The UK and Germany, in particular, have enacted laws to address liability issues; other countries mostly acknowledge these issues, but have yet to implement specific strategies. To address privacy and cybersecurity risks strategies ranging from introduction or amendment of non-AV specific legislation to creating working groups have been adopted. Much less attention has been paid to issues such as environmental and employment risks, although a few governments have begun programmes to retrain workers who might be negatively affected.     

论国际船舶融资租赁的商业风险及利益保障

国际船舶融资租赁的出租人和承租人都面临着一定的商业风险,利率和汇率风险可通过相应金融工具防范,信用风险及第三人责任风险则需要一定的利益保障机制。     

基于CPC和动态联盟的船舶建造系统研究

倘若按敏捷制造理论来考虑船舶建造过程,将每艘船的设计和建造过程管理视为一个项目组并以此作为盟主,则各个分段加工中心和大量的配套厂是内外盟员且可组成一个动态联盟;若多艘船同时建造,则存在多个项目的动态联盟,并形成多层次和多交叉的形态. 本文在基于CPC理念的协同平台上将船厂、客户、供应商和合作伙伴引入船舶的开发和建造过程,通过有效的协作,将质量好、全寿命成本低的船舶更快地推向市场.文中对组建船舶建造多项目动态联盟的方式及其协调机制进行了分析和研究,并用多学科分析综合的方式提出了对船舶建造系统的模式及其功能进行评价的方法,为进一步研究和探索新的造船模式提供了参考.