Opportunities for increased profit and reduced cost and emissions by service differentiation within container liner shipping

This paper investigates opportunities for increased profit and reduced emissions and cost by service differentiation within container shipping. Traditionally the strategy among the container lines has been profit maximization by utilizing economies of scale through the building of larger and faster vessels. In 2008, the financial crisis in combination with higher fuel prices put an end to this progress and in today’s market operators are basically trying to survive by providing standardized services at the lowest possible cost. This study investigates alternative strategies and the results indicate that container lines should provide two different services instead of one standardized service. A fast service to be more competitive versus air freight for fast-moving goods and a slow service to be more competitive versus traditional shipping types for transport of minor bulk, break bulk, liquid bulk and project cargo.     

In Search of the Link between Ship Size and Operations

Abstract

Since 1990s the liner shipping industry has faced a period of restructuring and consolidation, and been confronted with a continuing increase in container vessel scale. The impact of these changes is noticeable in trade patterns, cargo handling methods and shipping routes, in short ‘operations’. After listing factors influencing size, growth in container ship size is explained by economies of scale in deploying larger vessels. In order to quantify economies of scale, this paper uses the liner service cash flow model. A novelty in the model is the inclusion of +6000-20-foot Equivalent Unit (TEU) vessels and the distinction in costs between single and twin propeller units on ships. The results illustrate that scale economies have been – and will continue to be – the driving force behind the deployment of larger container vessels. The paper then assesses the link between ship size and operations, given current discussions about the increase in container vessel scale. It is found that (a) ship size and operations are linked; (b) optimal ship size depends on transport segment (deep-sea vs. short-sea shipping, SSS), terminal type (transhipment terminals vs. other terminals), trade lane (East-West vs. North-South trades) and technology; and (c) a ship optimal for one trade can be suboptimal for another.     

排放控制区下集装箱班轮运输船期设计与燃油补给联合优化

为解决排放控制区下集装箱班轮运输船期设计和燃油补给联合优化问题,分析了多时间窗、多起讫时间和多装卸效率等合作协议条款与船舶航行、装卸及到/离港时间之间的关联性。结合燃油补给港燃油价格差异和折扣因素,以船公司航线服务周总成本最小化为目标,构建排放控制区下船期设计和燃油补给混合整数非线性规划模型,设计线性割线近似的求解方法。以中远海运集团有限公司AWE1航线为例,数值实验验证了模型及其求解方法的适用性和有效性。结果显示：船期设计与燃油补给联合优化可使船公司航线服务周总成本降低7.41%;随着船舶到港时间窗长度的增大,船公司航线服务周总成本及船舶在排放控制区内平均航速均随之降低。研 究表明,上述合作协议条款不仅有助于船公司更为灵活地调整船舶航速和船期,还有利于减少船舶在排放控制区内的温室气体排放。     

构建集团化船舶行业物流平台

分析了当前世界造船业的格局以及我国在世界造船业所处的地位,指出以信息化带动造船业发展的重要性,而船舶物资采购和配送的信息化首当其冲,进而分析了在新的竞争形势下我国船舶物流企业实施集团化经营和建立物流商务平台的必要性,设计了我国船舶物流企业集团化经营和商务平台的架构,指出实施集团化经营和建设船舶物流商务平台是相互促进相互依赖的,将为我国造船业的发展提供有益的借鉴.     

2006年世界船舶市场评述及展望

总结了近一年来世界经济的发展,在此大背景下对2006年的船舶行业进行了总结和回顾,并对未来市场进行预测.世界船舶行业在2006年出现一个显著特征,即在航运市场回落的情况下船舶建造市场出现了前所未有的兴旺景象,船舶交易出现价高量大的场面.究其原因,船厂任务已饱满、受新规范影响,成本进一步提高以及对后市航运市场看好等原因起到主要作用.鉴于目前订单情况及航运市场现状,预测未来船价还将保持高位运行,航运市场运力将得到进一步快速扩增,甚至会出现供大于求的局面,不过崩盘的可能性不会太大.     

现代航运业发展与船舶配员减少引起的安全问题分析

由于现代航运业的发展与船舶配员减少等原因，海上船舶安全出现了新的问题。文中从船员疲劳、ISM规则实施以及公司追求利益等方面进行分析，提出了相应解决上述问题的意见和建议。     

推进全国内河船型标准化研究与探讨

本文介绍了我国内河航运发展情况,船型标准化的发展历史和现状,阐述了推进内河船型标准化的指导思想、原则及目标,分析了船型标准化与技术进步的关系,并提出相关政策建议。     

水运交通电视监控图象传输技术研究

介绍水运交通电视监控图象通过电话线路的传输技术、相应的硬件装置、软件框图以及软件特点。特别是针对水运交通电视监控图象 ,对 JPEG编码标准作了修改 ,以进一步提高压缩比 ,以及自编调制解调器程序以充分发挥调制解调器的传输速率。最后介绍达到预期效果的系统性能测试及现场试验结果     

ADCP原理及数据处理方法

ADCP在水文测验中的使用日益频繁,测验技术日趋成熟,资料的处理技术上也各不相同。本文就ADCP的使用提出了一些新的技术问题及处理方法。     

马士基为美国政府及军方服务的准军事船队揭秘

文中以马士基航运公司与美国政府及军方的合作为线索,揭示了马士基公司船队的准军事化,其中包括拥有武装船只、提供准军事化服务等。这不仅增强了自身营运的安全性,同时也为美国政府及军方提供了便利的服务。毫无疑问,这样的营运模式对公司和美国政府及军方都是有利的,同时,马士基公司的这种特殊营运模式也为世界各国提供了新的思路。