求解瞬时温度场的边界层函数法

本文介绍了求解奇异摄动问题的一种有效方法——边界层函数法,并用此方法研究了在薄矩形板中的热传导问题。     

冷再生沥青结构中残留层对路面结构的影响

根据冷再生层厚度以及不同的残留层厚度和模量,建立路面结构力学模型,利用有限元软件对路面结构进行计算,得到残留层厚度和模量的变化与冷再生层层底拉应力的变化规律,分析了残留基层厚度对路面结构的影响.     

公路隧道洞口斜交、偏压段施工技术

以云山隧道右线进口不良地质段为实例,详细介绍了洞身与山体斜交、偏压时,采用双层超前小导管注浆加固隧道围岩进洞时小导管的设计参数、施工工艺、施工要点等,对同类工程施工有一定借鉴作用。     

桥面防水粘结层性能试验分析

采用室内剪切试验和拉拔试验,分析桥面防水粘结层材料性能,认为层间抗剪强度及粘结强度受温度影响大,并且随着试验环境温度的升高而减小.现场拉拔试验研究了不同温度下4种粘结层材料与桥面板的粘结强度变化规律,其粘结强度同样随着试验环境温度的升高而减小.研究表明,剪切试验与拉拔试验结果能够综合评价高、低温情况下沥青混合料与粘结层的整体性能,还可以作为桥面粘结层是否满足抗剪要求的验证指标.     

淤泥质海岸波致液化及航道骤淤问题初步研究

研究波浪与淤泥海床相互作用导致的海床液化、体积冲刷和高浓度近底悬沙的层移输运问题。采用de Wit提出的液化判别条件及计算方法,结合连云港近岸波浪和淤泥力学特征,计算不同来波条件下淤泥质海床的液化深度;进一步考虑浑水中含沙量对流速的折减影响,计算液化层运移速度分布。计算结果表明,大浪条件下,淤泥质海床可能有较大的液化深度,但层移厚度不大。由于层移含沙量较高,在近底水流驱动下仍能形成较大的输沙率和一定规模的大风天航道骤淤。有关研究成果为海床稳定性分析和输沙计算提供了新的思路和方法。     

舰船弹性安装设备抗冲击设计的“谱跌”问题研究

研究在应用冲击谱进行舰艇设备抗冲击性能设计时,由于基础的弹性引起的冲击谱设计谱值的变化规律.利用二自由度模型简化舰艇设备安装模型,通过对二自由度模型基础冲击谱的分析,得出在设备的自身固有频率处,基础的冲击谱存在峰值的突降.在设备自身固有频率和基础固有频率接近,或设备质量大于0.2倍基础质量时,必须考虑"谱跌"因素的影响.多自由度系统中具有相同的"谱跌"现象和规律.     

客运专线路基褥垫层施工技术

本文主要介绍哈尔滨至大连铁路客运专线褥垫层施工工艺。     

Non-local simulation of the stable boundary layer with a third order moments closure model

A new higher order closure model for the stable boundary layer is presented and compared with Large Eddy Simulation data. The model includes numerical solutions for the mean values, second and third order moments equations. A satisfactory agreement is found between the calculated vertical profiles of the turbulent quantities with those provided by the LES. Furthermore the new model results are compared with profiles obtained with a lower order closure model in order to verify the effective importance of including third order dynamical equations in the model.     

Impact of macrozoobenthic structures on near-bed sediment fluxes

Sandy sediments in shallow coastal waters of the Baltic Sea are often characterised by large numbers of biogenic structures which are produced by macrozoobenthos species. A series of experiments was devised to quantify how the interaction of such structures with the near-bed flow regime affects the sediment flux. Most experiments were done with simplified replicates of structures generated by typical species commonly found in the Mecklenburg Bight, starting with solitary structures and regularly-spaced arrays in a range of characteristic population densities, followed by a complex benthic macrofauna community, both artificial and alive. A laboratory flume channel, equipped with an acoustic Doppler flow sensor and a topography scanning laser, was used for high-resolution measurements (2 mm horizontal step size and 0.3 mm vertical resolution) of sand erosion (220 µm median grain size, at 20 cm s^− 1) and fine particle deposition (8 µm grain size, at 5 cm s^− 1). Sediment transport threshold values were measured for each layout. As a rule-of-thumb, both the erosion fluxes and the deposition of suspended matter increased considerably at low population densities (below 2%, expressed as percent of the sediment surface covered, i.e. roughness density RD). Above densities of 4%, erosion almost stopped inside the test arrays, and deposition remained well below the level of unpopulated areas. An attempt to extrapolate these findings to field conditions (using field current velocity data from 2001) showed that the net flux switched from erosion to deposition for densities above 5%. These parameters can now be integrated into a numerical sediment transport model coupling waves, currents, sediment dynamics and biological processes, which is currently under construction at the Baltic Sea Research Institute (IOW), Rostock, Germany.     

Characteristic flow patterns generated by macrozoobenthic structures

A laboratory flume channel, equipped with an acoustic Doppler flow sensor and a bottom scanning laser, was used for detailed, non-intrusive flow measurements (at 2 cm s^− 1 and 10 cm s^− 1) around solitary biogenic structures, combined with high-resolution mapping of the structure shape and position. The structures were replicates of typical macrozoobenthic species commonly found in the Mecklenburg Bight and with a presumed influence on both, the near-bed current regime and sediment transport dynamics: a worm tube, a snail shell, a mussel, a sand mound, a pit, and a cross-stream track furrow. The flow was considerably altered locally by the different protruding structures (worm tube, snail, mussel and mound). They reduced the horizontal approach velocity by 72% to 79% in the wake zone at about 1–2 cm height, and the flow was deflected around the structures with vertical and lateral velocities of up to 10% and 20% of the free-stream velocity respectively in a region adjacent to the structures. The resulting flow separation (at flow Reynolds number of about 4000 and 20,000 respectively) divided an outer deflection region from an inner region with characteristic vortices and the wake region. All protruding structures showed this general pattern, but also produced individual characteristics. Conversely, the depressions (track and pit) only had a weak influence on the local boundary layer flow, combined with a considerable flow reduction within their cavities (between 29% and 53% of the free-stream velocity). A longitudinal vortex formed, below which a stagnant space was found. The average height affected by the structure-related mass flow rate deficit for the two velocities was 1.6 cm and 1.3 cm respectively (80% of height and 64%) for the protruding structures and 0.6 cm and 0.9 cm (90% and 127% of depth) for the depressions. Marine benthic soft-bottom macrozoobenthos species are expected to benefit from the flow modifications they induce, particularly in terms of food particle capture due to altered particle pathways and residence times, but also for the exchange of gases, solutes and spawn. The present results confirm previous studies on flow interaction effects of various biogenic structures, and they add a deeper level of detail for a better understanding of the fine-scale effects.