载重车辆翻新轮胎接地压力特性仿真及试验研究

针对11R22.5载重车辆翻新子午线轮胎,对翻新轮胎的接地力学进行了描述,建立了翻新轮胎层合结构的复合材料有限元模型,利用ANSYS非线性大变形求解方法进行了翻新轮胎接地压力、接地面积及接地印痕等方面的有限元仿真,并进行了试验研究,得出翻新轮胎接地力学方面与同型号新轮胎相比存在一定的差异.     

基于占道施工的交通影响分析阈值确定方法研究

针对日益严重的占道施工问题,从建立占道施工交通影响分析阈值的思路出发,确定阈值的指标形式及其计算方法,并在充分考虑各施工路段的交通状况差异性的基础上,给出各施工路段阈值的计算方法及其判定流程,最后进行案例分析。研究成果对于占道施工交通影响分析阈值的建立有指导意义。     

淤泥质土封闭作用下侧压力试验研究

天然软土上覆的硬壳层对其下的软土具有封闭作用,会改变其下软土层侧压力分布及传递规律。为探究封闭作用下淤泥质土侧向土压力特性,通过模拟3种不同工况的室内试验,研究含水率、加载方式、硬壳层完整性对侧压力竖向分布规律,侧压力系数及横向传递特性的影响。试验结果表明:侧向土压力沿深度呈上段抛物线、下段近似直线的半抛物线形分布,其半抛物线趋势受含水率、荷载等级的影响;侧压力系数在一定范围内随深度增加,之后趋于稳定,受含水率影响不大。该结果证明,封闭状态下淤泥质土侧向受荷性能具有类似流体的性质,从工程安全角度考虑,设计时可将封闭状态下淤泥质土侧压力系数取为1。同时,硬壳层完整性对淤泥土中应力传递具有一定影响。     

Response of the Black Sea mean level to atmospheric pressure and wind forcing

The response of the Black Sea mean level to atmospheric pressure (AP) and wind forcing is investigated using 5 years of TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P hereafter) data. A coherence analysis is first applied to mean sea level and pressure to examine the validity of the inverse barometer (IB) approximation over this area. As expected, it reveals very significant deviations from an IB response attributed to the narrowness of the Bosphorus Strait and its limiting role in water exchanges. A comparison is drawn with the Mediterranean Sea case. A single basin version of the Candela analytical model [Candela, J., 1991. The Gibraltar Strait and its role in the dynamics of the Mediterranean Sea. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans 15, 267–300], which takes linear friction at the strait into account, is then used. The model explains a significant part of the T/P mean sea level variance (about 30%, while the IB correction only explains 5% of its variance) and provides a means to correct the altimeter data for the pressure effect much better than the standard IB effect. The response of the mean sea level to wind forcing is then analysed. Coherence analysis between sea level and along-strait wind stress (WS) reveals a significant coherence at periods ranging from 40 to 100 days, with an almost steady phase of 270°. This result is confirmed with a multiple coherence analysis (mean sea level vs. WS and AP). A plausible mechanism is a piling-up of water at the northern or southern end of the strait due to along-strait wind forcing. The associated along-strait pressure gradient would modify the barotropic flow in the strait and then the mean sea level. Using an extension of the Candela model, we show that this mechanism is consistent with T/P mean sea level observations.     

盾构施工工艺对铁路路基沉降影响的数值分析

以福州市轨道交通1号线下穿福州火车站铁路工程为依托,采用MIDAS/GTS有限元软件对双线盾构隧道进行分步施工模拟,揭示主要施工参数对路基沉降的影响规律。分析表明:路基预加固能有效减少下穿过程中路基的沉降量;土舱压力采用1.2~1.5倍土压力、注浆压力采用1.1~1.2倍土体自重应力对减少路基沉降效果较好;保证盾尾注浆率对减少路基沉降影响有显著效果。     

Impacts of the 2004 Tsunami on Surin Marine National Park,Thailand

The impacts of the tsunami in 2004 on the reefs in Surin Marine National Park, Thailand, varied with the location and exposure of the reefs. Channel areas between islands were severely damaged. Areas with steep reef slopes were damaged by sand slides or coral collapse more than areas with low slopes. Massive, sub-massive, and encrusting corals were more resistant and resilient to the direct impact of the tsunami than branching, tabulate, and foliose life forms whereas the latter were more tolerant of temporary coverage by sand. Sub-massive corals were the most tolerant overall and survived sand coverage, breakage, and overturning. Live coral cover measured three months after the tsunami was significantly greater than immediately post-tsunami as broken, moved, or sand-covered corals, recorded as impacted in the initial survey, had survived and were regenerating. Low turbidity, lack of pollution, and mild currents possibly contributed to rapid recovery and limited long-term effects of the tsunami. Impact assessment shortly after a major disturbance may give an initial measure of damage but subsequent surveys must be undertaken to identify long-term effects. Understanding patterns of reef damage can help to formulate reef zoning and protection strategies in response to catastrophic events, but also in advance of such events to improve likely resilience of the marine park to disturbance.     

Measuring the environmental efficiency of the global aviation fleet

This research analyses the environmental footprint of the airline industry in an attempt to highlight potential paths for improvement. We develop a directional economic-environmental distance function (DEED) which accounts for the production of both desirable and undesirable output and the potential for constrained increases in input utilization. This research applies the modeling framework to analyze the potential to reduce noise and airborne pollutants emitted by aircraft–engine combinations given the current state of aeronautical technology. The global aircraft–engine market is viewed from the regulatory perspective in order to compare the single environmental and operational efficient frontier to that of the airline carriers, and environmental objectives. The results of DEED are then applied in order to substitute the fleets serving Schipol, Amsterdam and Arlanda, Stockholm airports in June 2010 with the benchmark aircraft. The results highlight the inefficiencies of the current airline fleets and that the IPCC values of externalities are a magnitude of TEN too low to encourage changes in the global fleet hence the need for government intervention.     

采空区稳定性评价与防治

随着高速公路的迅速发展,高速公路常常要通过煤矿采空区,采空区地表发生的变形或塌陷,严重影响着高速公路的建设和运营。依据朔环高速露天煤矿互通采空区的实际工程地质情况及特征,对互通内采空区进行了稳定性评价与危害分析,并提出了相应的互通采空区的防治方案。     

风道系统压力分布与风机关系的探讨

通过对常用的几种通风管道内的压力分布情况进行分析，可以在进行通风系统设计应用时，根据不同的通风管道布局，更加直观地判断风机选择的合理性，使通风管道的设计在保证使用效果的前提下，其初投资和运行费用降为最低。     

释能降压技术在野三关隧道中的应用

在溶腔处理中,宜万铁路首次采用释能降压施工技术,成功降低溶腔水位,对施工安全风险进行科学研究,确保施工安全。