基于混合轴辐式的运输网络决策模型

依据某公司的实际数据,利用启发式贪婪算法求解所构建的模型,先求出子网模型的解,然后并用分枝定界和回溯法来求解子网模型,提高求解效率.计算结果表明：采用混合轴辐式的运输网络优化后的成本比优化前少,降低了3.5％.与此同时,本模型减少了中途停靠点,节省了运行时间,提高了效率.     

北京交通拥堵的市场化解决思路

从市场经济角度分析北京交通拥堵的成因和对策.首先分析价格体系对出行结构的影响及交通拥堵的社会成本.然后,从需求管理角度提出合理规划城市功能以及根据交通拥堵社会成本合理调整交通价格体系的政策建议;从供给角度提出封闭打破大院小区,改善微循环,提高投资效率,以及市场化手段发展交通产业的政策建议.     

铁路运输与社会经济适应性分析

铁路运输作为我国交通系统的重要组成部分,对我国经济的发展具有重要的促进作用。在经济发展的不同阶段,对铁路运输的需求也不同。铁路运输的规模和速度要能够满足经济发展的需要,而且铁路运输系统的管理、结构等方面的发展水平也要与经济发展水平相适应。     

Advances in port studies: the contribution of 40 years Maritime Policy & Management

Port economics, management and policy have progressively emerged as a distinctive research field, and a core part of maritime economics. This paper provides an analysis of all the 267 port studies published in Maritime Policy & Management (MPM) since its inception in 1973. This paper provides a content analysis for seven interrelated research theme categories including main research topics and methods, authorship distribution and citation counts. It is demonstrated that MPM played, and continues to play, a key role in publishing research on seaports. The published research increasingly applies established analytical frameworks to ports. The paper concludes with a discussion on current challenges for port-related research.     

Value creation in the port: opening the boundaries to the market

In the era of fierce competition among ports as elements of value chain systems, the opening of the boundaries to the market represents a crucial challenge that port authority has to cope with, in order to guarantee a lasting economic and social development of the port and its hinterland. We propose a theoretical framework to analyse value creation in the port and its hinterland through two core concepts: resource allocation and interaction. We illustrate such framework with the case of the port of Naples and, specifically, the contribution of the port authority and other port business operators to the value creation process of Garofalo, an export-oriented firm located in its hinterland. A discussion and suggestions for future research are provided in the last section.     

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目前针对中国城市公交复杂网络的实证研究仍然仅限于数个大城市,而对不同规模城市的公交网络在拓扑结构上是否存在不依赖于人口、社会、经济等外部因素的共性特征,以及城市公交系统演化机制的研究尚不多见.本文实证研究了330个中国城市P空间下公交复杂网络结构特征,发现度分布普遍呈指数分布,表示公交网络演化机制为随机连接而非择优连接;普遍具有较大的簇系数和较小的平均最短路径,呈现典型的小世界特征;网络同配性在N=1 000处发生相变,N>1 000的网络普遍正相关,反之负相关.C与K呈幂律下降关系,表明各城市公交网络具有等级模块性.本文研究结果可为理解城市公交系统演化规律、交通网络建模研究提供指导和参考.     

A Modeling Framework for Bus Rapid Transit Operations Evaluation and Service Planning

Abstract

In this paper, we present a dynamic traffic assignment-simulation modeling framework (DYNASMART-P) to support the evaluation and planning of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) services in urban transportation networks. The model represents the different characteristics associated with BRT operations such as: exclusive right-of-way lanes, limited-stop service, signal prioritization at congested intersections, and enhanced bus stops to reduce passenger boarding times. A set of simulation experiments is conducted using the model to study the impact of introducing a hypothetical BRT service in the Knoxville area in the State of Tennessee. In these experiments, the different operational characteristics of BRT are evaluated in terms of potential impact on transit ridership and on the interacting auto traffic. The results illustrate the advantages of BRT for increasing transit ridership and improving overall system performance.     

Valuation of environmental externalities: from theory to decision‐making

Valuation of externalities is a condition for correct investment and pricing decisions in transport. This paper provides a brief survey of the main studies achieved in OECD countries in order to get these valuations. Numerical values for the average social cost of transport are presented. The procedures according to which environment is taken into account in France and Italy are analyzed, and the importance of valuation in these procedures is assessed. Finally, prospects for further research and new developments are expressed.     

面向交通枢纽的车辆三维真实感实时仿真

为分析和解决城市交通拥挤问题并提高城市道路利用率提供可行的途径,提出了一种面向交通枢纽的车辆运行仿真方法,通过场景、道路与车辆的三维动态建模,实现交通枢纽交通状况的实时真实感仿真.首先,提出了基于道路关键点连接网络模型表示交通枢纽的通行道路.其次,基于粒子系统实现车辆的动态运行实时仿真,并采用基于空间剖分的车辆碰撞检测方法对车辆运动控制算法进行了优化.最终,通过对路段的动态观测和反馈机制实现车辆行驶路线的规划和调度.实验结果表明,本文提出的方法可以生动直观地呈现实际路面的交通状况,并且能以较为流畅的帧速率实现交通场景的动态仿真.     

一种基于社交网络的民航新旅客成长性预测方法

对于一个高效的客户关系管理系统而言,预测客户成长性是必不可少的环节．本文尝试根据新旅客的短期历史出行数据对其未来价值成长性进行预测．为了克服新旅客历史出行记录稀少而导致无法准确预测的缺陷,提出了一种基于旅客社交网络的预测方法．首先根据旅客历史出行记录构建旅客同行网络;然后分另lj从旅客个体和旅客关系的角度构建多种分类特征,用来进行旅客成长性预测;最后提出了一种结合个体预测与关系预测的组合预测模型,以达到准确预测的目的．在某航空公司的真实数据集上进行实验,证明了本文提出的方法对民航新旅客未来价值成长性的推断是有效的．