异步真空预压法处理超软土的室内试验及机理*

针对真空预压处理超软地基过程中出现的排水板滤膜外土颗粒聚集现象,提出并通过室内试验研究一种新型真空预压方式——异步真空预压法。该法对相邻的竖向排水体在同一时间下施加不同的真空度,实现对超软土的异步真空吸水预压,缓解因土颗粒单向迁移造成排水体滤膜及膜外土体的淤堵。通过室内试验发现,真空度调节对真空预压的处理效果具有明显影响,同时,异步吸水真空预压排水量是常规真空预压的1.1倍,效果优于常规真空预压;通过对异步真空预压法的机理分析,认为异步真空预压法可保持零速面移动范围内的细颗粒含量,防止细颗粒的过量迁移,有助于缓解超软土的固结排水中的淤堵问题。     

土基压应变敏感性分析

路表弯沉并不能完全反映土基顶面压应变,在路面结构设计中必需要重视土基顶面压应变的状态。鉴于此,采用典型路面结构,分析各结构层参数的变化对土基顶面压应变和土基内部压应变的影响,以为沥青路面结构设计提供参考。     

阳安二线膨胀土填料改良研究

拟建阳安二线沿线膨胀土广泛分布,膨胀土不能直接作为路基填料,如果选取合格填料,运距较远、投资大,而且挖方地段的膨胀土又得弃掉、占地多,极不经济。通过选取现场两处代表性取土场取样,生石灰粉作添加剂,按4%、6%、8%、10%四个级别的掺入比做室内改良试验,试验表明:生石灰掺入比大于4%改良后,能达到消除膨胀性的目的,改良土有较好的水稳性和较高的强度,能满足设计要求;改良土较原膨胀土有较高的抗压强度和剪切强度,且随生石灰的掺入比增加而增大;得出了路基不同部位、不同膨胀级别膨胀土的生石灰粉掺入比,为阳安二线路基填料设计提供了理论依据。     

佛山地铁盾构隧道深厚软土地层预处理方法探究

穿越深厚软土地层的地铁盾构隧道在长期循环荷载作用下，面临不均匀沉降、结构变形超限及其引起的渗漏水、局部结构劣化等病害难题，影响隧道结构全寿命使用功能。以佛山地铁3号线工程为背景，从施工风险、环境影响、投资及运营期结构安全角度出发，对国内地铁工程常用的软土地层土体加固工法进行分析，提出采用格栅式三轴搅拌桩加固作为地层预处理措施。对2种三轴深层水泥搅拌桩加固布置方案进行数值计算分析，对比管片内力与变形差异，确定推荐方案，并通过工程实践进行验证。数值计算与现场监测结果表明： 1）盾构隧道穿越深厚淤泥层时的加固宽度应不小于拱腰外侧3 m，深度应进入下部较好持力层0.5 m左右； 2）与未加固地层相比，地基加固处理后隧道变形可减小30%~40%，结构未发生明显的应力集中。     

某港区后方交通联络线浅埋基岩复合地基沉降特性研究

以某码头交通联络线的CFG桩复合地基为工程背景,开展浅埋基岩复合地基的加固机理研究,采用ABAQUS软件分析CFG桩端距基岩距离、嵌岩深度和下伏岩性等不同工况对浅埋基岩复合地基的承载效果。结果表明,浅埋基岩的CFG桩复合地基的承载主要由桩体承担,但桩间土也能承担部分荷载;距基岩距离越小,桩顶处出现的沉降量越小,桩顶处桩土应力比越大;嵌岩深度越大,沉降量也越小,而桩顶处桩土应力比越大;下部基岩弹性模量越大,沉降量越小,桩顶处的桩土应力越大。     

填方路基不均匀沉降模式及其成因机制

在山区和多丘陵地区多采用挖方土石混合料填筑路基,并且形成高路堤。因此在路基的自重荷载和行车荷载共同作用下,经常出现路基的整体下沉或部分下沉,特别是一些填挖接头和桥台处,路基不均匀沉降特别突出。经过大量的实际调查以及实验,归纳起来填方路基的不均匀沉降主要有四种基本模式:路基填方压实度不足;地基中存在软弱土层;路基刚度差异过大;填充物成分不均匀。     

基坑失稳及加固措施技术分析

基坑在支护完成后放置过程中，会出现局部变形过大和失稳现象。为解决变形和失稳问题分别采取了处理措施。经处理后变形过大的区段得到了有效控制，基坑顺利完成了后续施工。     

The social context of informal commuting: Slugs, strangers and structuration

Despite considerable interest in the role of social interactions and social context on transportation, there have been very few attempts to explore specific cases of social interaction influencing transportation systems. This paper explores the social practice of slugging, an informal system of carpooling in the Washington, DC area. Slugging emerged in response to the establishment of Virginia’s High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes in the early 1970s, as single drivers picked up riders alongside the road (slugs) in order to meet the requirements for driving in the less congested HOV lanes. Drawing on the work of sociologist Anthony Giddens, as well as the sociological insights of Georg Simmel and Stanley Milgram, we suggest that the practice of slugging highlights the processes of institutionalization and structuration. This paper details how the region’s mass transportation policies and urban culture have combined to result in an institutionalized practice with particular norms and logics of behavior. We conclude that looking at specific cases where social context has affected transportation, like slugging, could provide useful insights on the impact of social context on transportation policies and systems.     

辽东山区预防土壤砂砾化的技术措施

简要介绍了辽东山区17万hm 2砂砾化山丘的现状,概述砂砾化山丘的类型、特点,并提出了植物措施、工程措施、封育措施等几种预防砂砾化山丘的技术措施。     

Vibration control in train–bridge–track systems

To study the problems associated with vibration control of train–bridge–track systems a mathematical model with the capability of representing supplementary vibrational control devices is proposed. The train system is assumed as rigid bodies supported on double-deck suspension mechanism with semi-active features. The bridge system is modeled using the modal approach. Vibration control for bridge responses is provided by tuned mass dampers. A non-classical incremental Eigen analysis is proposed to trace the system characteristics across the time. In an example, the capability of the proposed model in investigating the vibration control prospects of a bridge–train system is shown. The results indicate the effectiveness of active suspension mechanism in reducing train's body movements, particularly the pitching angle and the vertical accelerations. Accordingly, the results also verify the potential of TMD devices in reducing the bridge responses at resonance motions.