我国铁路能源利用效率和节能减排分析研究

铁路是我国综合运输体系的骨干,对社会经济的发展具有基础支撑作用。通过铁路、公路、民航和水运等交通运输方式能耗的比较,铁路单位换算周转量能耗较低（仅比水运高）;通过分析全路机车牵引综合能耗情况、以及往年内燃机车、电力机车能耗情况,说明了铁路牵引动力结构的变化使铁路能源利用效率得到了提高,发展铁路运输对于改善交通运输业的能源结构及能源使用效率将起到积极的推动作用;铁路借助其在能效方面的比较优势,通过替代其他运输方式以及自身能效的提高从而达到节能减排的目的,对实现我国低碳经济做出了重大的贡献。     

Design optimization of a TetraSpar-type floater and tower for the IEA Wind 15 MW reference wind turbine

We present an optimization study for the conceptual design of wind turbine floaters of the TetraSpar type. The optimization variables include all geometric dimensions of the floater, keel, mooring lines and tower design. A gradient based optimization method is applied to a mass proportional objective cost function. The objective function accounts for the different weight components of the floater, including secondary steel, the wind turbine tower, and the mooring system. A frequency domain response method is utilized, so that each design evaluation also takes into account the dynamic response for 12 wind speeds with associated wave conditions. Nineteen constraints are applied for static and dynamic response, natural frequencies, and fatigue at the bottom of the tower. Two reference designs are presented, namely one with a soft–stiff tower and one with a stiff–stiff tower. Due to the anti-phase coupling of the floater pitch and tower vibration, the soft–stiff tower needs a stronger floater stiffness in pitch. This design thus has a larger water plane area moment than the more compact stiff–stiff floater, which is found to be the least economical. A constraint analysis is next presented based on Lagrange multipliers and a relative cost index. We find that the strongest cost influence is exerted by the 3P tower frequency constraint for the stiff-stiff and soft-stiff designs. Finally, a third design variant with a free optimizable tower frequency is introduced. This design is found to be 11% cheaper than the soft–stiff design and highlights the potential cost savings of tower designs within the 3P region.     

强夯加固机理及设计参数的研究

基于应力波的传播理论,对强夯法加固回填土地基机理进行分析,绘制出强夯法加固模式图;讨论了强夯技术参数的选取对地基加固效果的影响,通过工程实例证明强夯法加固地基是一种有效的方法。     

蜂窝式夹芯层结构横向耐撞性能数值仿真研究

蜂窝式夹层板结构具有强度高、结构轻等优越的性能,其中夹芯层结构起关键作用。文中采用非线性有限元软件MSC/Dytran模拟仿真了蜂窝式夹芯层结构在横向冲击载荷作用下的渐进屈曲过程,分析了结构的耐撞性能,结构参数对耐撞性能的影响。研究分析表明:蜂窝式夹芯层结构在横向冲击载荷作用下具有稳定的压溃载荷、较长的有效行程,具有优良的吸能特性。结构密度是影响结构耐撞性能的关键因素;夹芯层高度对结构的耐撞性影响不大,增加结构夹芯层高度结构吸能增加。     

改善进港航道引起港内波能聚集问题的研究

进港航道在口门引起波能聚集,对港内泊稳条件产生不利影响,采用适当工程措施可使该情况有所改善。文中结合某工程实例探讨了包括增加防波堤、清除浅滩和调整航道轴线的三种工程方案,并通过基于Boussinesq方程的波浪数学模型进行了对比试验,结果表明各方案均能达到缓解波能聚集、改善泊稳条件的目的,但改善效果存在一定差异。最后还对试验中采用单方向和多方向波的结果进行了初步对比探讨,对于航道波能聚集影响港内波况的问题,采用单方向不规则波的试验结果将偏于危险。     

超高水头船闸输水系统消能试验研究

利用ADV流速测量仪,通过对超高水头船闸闸室内流速及流速分布的测定,详细比较了明沟消能与盖板消能的消能特性、消能效果和消能方式,可为高水头船闸输水系统消能工设计提供科学依据。     

空间不均匀湍流边界层激励下声呐腔自噪声统计能量分析

利用统计能量分析法建立了湍流边界层激励下水下航行器声呐腔自噪声水动力分量的计算模型。采用一种新的回转体模型模拟声呐罩，重点讨论空间分布不均匀的湍流边界层对声呐罩的输入功率的计算及统计能量分析参数的确定，利用Fluent软件计算边界层的分离点及一些重要参数。最后给出了一具体的算例。可作为空间不均匀湍流边界层激励下声呐腔自噪声的工程估算的参考。     

Phase change analysis of an underwater glider propelled by the ocean's thermal energy

The phase change characteristic of the power source of an underwater glider propelled by the ocean's thermal energy is the key factor in glider attitude control. A numerical model has been established based on the enthalpy method to analyze the phase change heat transfer process under convective boundary conditions. Phase change is not an isothermal process,but one that occurs at a range of temperature. The total melting time of the material is very sensitive to the surrounding temperature. When the temperature of the surroundings decreases 8 degrees,the total melting time increases 1.8 times. But variations in surrounding temperature have little effect on the initial temperature of phase change,and the slope of the temperature time history curve remains the same. However,the temperature at which phase change is completed decreases significantly. Our research shows that the phase change process is also affected by container size,boundary conditions,and the power source's cross sectional area. Materials stored in 3 cylindrical containers with a diameter of 38mm needed the shortest phase change time. Our conclusions should be helpful in effective design of underwater glider power systems.     

节能型轮胎式集装箱门式起重机的分析

介绍了轮胎式集装箱门式起重机(RTG)的柴油发电机系统及调速系统的发展概况,对几种节能型RTG的节能方式、性能和节能效果进行了对比分析,提出RTG节能的研究方向.     

太阳能反辐射涂料在液化气球罐区的应用

简单介绍了液化气球罐受太阳辐射的传热特点,阐述了太阳能反辐射涂料的性能特点及应用,并对太阳能反辐射防腐涂料喷涂施工的注意事项以及可能发生的质量问题和解决问题的方法做了详细讲解,与其它防腐措施进行了比较,说明了太阳能反辐射涂料在液化气球罐区的应用优势.