新型救生装置流场性能数值模拟研究

海洋事故的频发和传统的救生装置存在不能进行及时救援和易受环境影响的缺陷，使得救援十分困难，因此新型救生装置应运而生。本文通过对三体叉式和整体式两种不同线型的新型救生装置进行阻力性能的数值仿真，分析其在空载、搭载儿童、搭载成人和极限四种载重工况下不同速度（0.5m/s，1m/s，1.5m/s，2m/s）时的流场性能，对比两种救生装置的阻力性能，得出相较于A型三体叉式救生装置，B型整体式救生装置的侧体对装置的阻力性能影响更大，且搭载重量越大，其阻力先增后减；救生装置表面高压的分布区域会随速度变大而发生变化，由前体向侧体后移，高低压差是影响阻力大小的关键因素。本文的研究对新型救生装置的优化提供了一定的数据支撑。     

地下水渗流对砾石地层人工冻结过程的影响

采用室内模型试验,研究地下工程中水渗流对砾石地层人工冻结过程的影响,分析砾石地层的温度场分布特征及冻结壁的形成过程、交圈时间和厚度演化机制。结果表明:人工冻结管的冷量扩散与地下水渗流之间存在显著的耦合效应;无渗流时,人工冻结过程中砾石地层上下游温度场呈现对称分布特征,且冻土圆柱和冻结壁厚度均匀一致;地下水渗流导致砾石地层上下游温度场呈现显著的不对称性,且渗流速率越大,不对称性越明显;冻结壁交圈时间随地下水渗流速率的增加而近似线性增长,渗流速率达到5.00 m·d^-1时为无渗流时的3.2倍;由于地下水渗流的"冲蚀"作用,上游冻结壁厚度随渗流速度线性减小,下游冻结壁厚度则线性增大,冻结壁呈现"马鞍"形状。     

朔黄重载铁路线路设备合理修理周期研究北大核心

基于朔黄铁路线路设备维修现状,通过理论分析、室内试验和现场测试探讨适用于该铁路线路设备的修理周期。结果表明:直线区段钢轨大修周期为1 390~1 650 Mt通过总质量;半径400~1 500 m曲线区段钢轨换轨周期为300~800 Mt通过总质量;建议在通过总质量达到60 Mt前进行预防性钢轨打磨,通过总质量超过150 Mt时进行修理性钢轨打磨;直线区段扣件更换周期与钢轨大修周期相同;道床每年捣固2~3遍,25、30 t轴重条件下通过总质量分别达到1 300~1 500 Mt、1 200~1 300 Mt时进行道床清筛。     

延崇高速公路金家庄特长螺旋隧道温度场分布规律及保温层研究

为揭示寒区螺旋隧道温度场时空分布规律，依托金家庄特长螺旋隧道，采用现场监测方法研究寒区螺旋隧道温度场变化规律。基于此，通过数值模拟建立三维模型探究进口风速风温对温度场的影响，并拟合结果数据获得保温层敷设长度计算公式。研究表明： 1）随着进洞深度的增加，进、出口洞壁处空气年平均温度上升，而年温度振幅减小； 出口年温度振幅变化幅度略小于进口。2）隧道贯通后，洞内温度受两侧洞外相对低温的共同作用，同一断面处年平均温度下降，年温度振幅增大。3）隧道在直线段温度场分布规律与同条件的直线隧道一致，从曲线段开始内外径温度曲线发生分叉，外径侧温度较直线隧道温度大；而内径侧温度反之。4）进口风速越大、风温越低，对隧道温度场越不利，通过拟合公式，金家庄特长螺旋隧道进口的保温层长度至少需要1 239 m。     

Generation and recovery of airborne delays in air transport

The analysis of the causes behind the appearance and propagation of delays is one of the major topics inside Air Transport Management research. Existing research focuses by and large on Air Traffic Flow Management regulations and reactionary delays; less attention has been devoted to the study of the mechanisms governing the generation and absorption of delays while airborne, in spite of their important economical and environmental consequences. Here we present a methodology to detect delay-generating events, based on the comparison of planned and real trajectories; these events are then used to characterise several aspects of the dynamics of the system, e.g. its resilience. We apply this methodology to a historical data set of flights crossing the European airspace during 2011, and observe an overall resilient system, able to absorb as much delays as it generates; yet resilience is not constant, but strongly depends on the phase of the flight, and shows high spatial and temporal heterogeneities. We anticipate the proposed methodology to open new doors for the development of a better systemic performance, by enabling the characterisation and understanding of this fundamental type of delay.     

Visibility mapping in New York's coastal zone: A case study of alternative methods

Abstract

Most scenery evaluation methodologies incorporate visibility extent. In New York's coastal zone, visibility mapping for planning and project studies is complicated by low topographic relief, and diverse configurations of water edge and upland surface character. A generalized visibility model has been developed, including macrolandscape, observer, and sight‐line recording. Based on a prior shorescape study of New York's coast, the Lake Ontario Port Bay site was selected to test alternative visibility methods. Within the study site, four “landscape control points”; were chosen which provided extensive views of representative land and water forms, and surface types. For each control point, four families of visibility mapping approaches were applied: primary (field observation); secondary (topographic maps and vertical air photo analysis); tertiary (physical topographic model); and quaternary (digital terrain computer model). Major study conclusions are: the methods require different resources; all methods readily produced visibility maps; all methods, except secondary, could be used to produce perspective scenes for subsequent content evaluation; all methods except primary omitted one or more elements of the general visibility model; all methods should incorporate field work due to critical viewer environment conditions; sensitivity analysis in each method produced ambiguous zones; each view map was different, particularly in the background. An integrated, multi‐approach strategy would appear desirable for most planning and project applications.     

基于PTC材料加热的柴油喷油器模拟

文章选用居里温度为60℃的陶瓷基PTC材料作为加热元件,利用流体力学计算软件Fluent模拟了两种不同燃油流量下用PTC材料加热柴油的温度场变化。仿真结果表明,利用PTC材料加热可有效提高燃油温度,改善冷启动性能,且随着燃油流量的增加,喷油器出口温度呈下降趋势。     

盾构进出洞处地基水平杯型冻结加固的温度场研究

上海城市轨道交通某线在冻结法加固盾构进出洞工程在穿越一中间风井时采用水平杯型冻结技术。通过冻结温度场分析,验证了该风井处进出洞冻结工程设计中杯身冻结器比杯底冻结器长1.1 m的合理性,同时验证了水平杯型冻结壁设计在盾构机进出洞冻结工程设计中的科学性,为同类工程设计和施工提供借鉴。     

三叶片节气门进气系统的 CFD 计算和分析

以一款新型三叶片式节气门为主要研究对象，通过发动机台架试验，获得发动机稳态工况下进气歧管三维C FD计算的边界条件，选取不同转速、不同负荷率的12个有代表性的工况点，建立配置传统的单叶片节气门和三叶片节气门的进气歧管网格模型，并进行C FD计算和流场分析。结果表明：发动机处于中、高负荷时，由三叶片节气门产生的进气涡流比单叶片节气门大，且优势随节气门开度的增加而更加明显，但在低转速、小负荷的工况下，配置三叶片节气门的进气歧管内的涡流强度小于单叶片节气门。     

广西贺州市昭平县桂花桥预制梁场设置方案分析

针对广西贺州市昭平县桂花桥预制梁场的设置,提出了四种方案.并且从工程经济、计划工期和结合当地工程实施条件上比较了四种方案的优缺点,最后确定了在项目所在地就近设置预制梁场的方案.为处理地处偏远山区和交通和配套设施等建设条件较差的桥梁预制梁场设置问题提供参考借鉴的经验.