港口起重机金属结构件的焊接应力控制方法

针对港口起重机主要部件的结构特点、工作环境和受载情况,分析控制焊接结构件焊接应力的重要性;以箱形截面吊臂为例,介绍其焊接工艺及焊接前后的辅助处理方法。这些工艺、方法的正确运用有助于控制港口起重机的主要结构件的焊接应力。     

柴油溶气喷射雾化粒径特性分析与计算

运用激光粒度分析仪(LDSA)和瞬间高速摄影等装置,就喷射压力对溶解有二氧化碳气体的柴油喷射雾化特性的影响进行研究. 研究结果表明将CO2气体溶解于柴油只能在特定的喷射压力范围内改善喷射雾化. 同时,依据柴油喷射雾化粒径的实验数据,采用曲线拟合的方法建立了计算不同溶气量的柴油在不同喷射压力下喷雾液滴的索特直径(SMD)的经验公式.     

Mechanical properties and residue stress of four kinds of ZrC coatings prepared by chemical vapor deposition

Four kinds of ZrC coatings with nearly the same thickness have been successfully prepared on graphite substrate by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) through controlling the ratio of inlet reacting gases. From backscattered electron images, it can be inferred that ZrCIII coating has the best tightness of all coatings. Meanwhile, line energy spectrum curve shows that zirconium and carbon elements distribute uniformly along the normal direction of the ZrCIII coating. As for varied microstructures, the coatings show different mechanical properties and residue stress. The strength and elastic modulus of ZrCIII coating were up to 89.57 and 1 192.5GPa, respectively. Those make it near the level of diamond. Value of residue tensile stress of ZrC+C composite coating was only 7.729MPa and that of ZrCIII coatings was 349.632 MPa. The strong combination of small-size grains in ZrCIII coating plays a decisive role to the best mechanical properties. However, strong misfit of lattice between ZrCIII coating and substrate can induce high residue stress.     

Microstructure of hot-dip galvanized Zn-Al-Mg alloy coating

The microstructure of hot-dip galvanized Zn-11%Al-3%Mg-0.2%Si alloy coating was studied in this article. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the coating is composed by Zn, Al and MgZn₂ phase. Optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations showed the coating is occupied by snowflake-like dendrite, double hexagonal organization and eutectic. The coating backbone was the dendrite considered to be a phase of hexagonal close-packed (HCP) structure judging form its morphology according to the crystal growth way in the coating. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) researches on the dendrite suggested that an intermediate Zn-Al phase was formed at high temperature, then decomposed into a type of Zn-Al granular eutectoid after cooling down to room temperature, while the eutectoid Zn and Al had a certain crystallographic relationship. The coating solidification process and the grain crystal structure were discussed.     

无缝线路钢轨在线修复技术

为了保证铁路系统的正常通行,对无缝线路的损伤钢轨应尽量进行在线修复。对目前我国采用较多的在线修复技术,如轮轨润滑技术、钢轨整修技术、原位修复技术、热喷涂（热喷焊）技术和钢轨在线堆焊技术的工艺方法、焊后组织性能及工程特点进行了分析探讨,并指出了以上五种技术各自存在的局限性,可为我国钢轨在线修复技术的发展起到借鉴作用。     

42号CNTT板式道岔铺设施工技术

42号CNTT板式道岔由转辙器、连接段和辙叉三部分组成,线形为复合曲线,具有容许通过速度高、高安全性等特点。以京沪高速铁路徐州东站42号CNTT板式道岔铺设施工为依托,介绍了道岔铺设的工艺流程、钢轨焊接及精调方法,为今后同类工程施工提供了良好的借鉴。     

喷射压力对生物柴油掺混燃料喷雾特性的影响

基于自行设计的定容弹和高压共轨喷油试验台,通过高速相机对不同掺混比的柴油‐生物柴油混合燃料的喷雾过程进行瞬时拍摄,并运用图像后处理技术量化分析喷射压力对掺混燃料的喷雾锥角和喷雾贯穿距离等宏观喷雾特性的参数影响。结果表明：喷射压力从75 M Pa提高到135 M Pa时,喷射压力对喷雾锥角的影响在4°～5°左右;喷雾锥角和喷雾贯穿距离均逐渐增大,混合燃料的雾化质量有所改善。     

Path Planning of Planar Kinked Line Seam by Visual Servoing for Robotic Welding

Welding path planning can substitute for the manual teaching process of the robot and can promote the autonomous level of the robotic welding. A path planning method by visual servoing was presented, in which the optimal angle of charge-coupled device (CCD) camera was also planned. Aiming at planning two forms of kinked line seams, obtuse angle seam and right angle seam, a practicable solution was put forward. In this solution, the intersection of two adjacent straight segments is detected in each local seam image, and if intersection is found, theseam errors are calculated using the next straight segment. The experimental results show that kinked line seam can be well planned using this solution.     

汽车车身CO2智能焊接机器人研究综述与展望

焊接机器人的出现,让人类的双手得到了解放。而焊接机器人焊接工艺对汽车车身焊缝质量有着至关重要的影响。本文首先叙述国内外焊接机器人的发展现状和存在的焊接问题,并对焊接工艺的难度进行了讨论。最后对智能焊接机器人的发展趋势进行了展望,提出了未来智能机器人的研究方向。     

磷酸盐皮膜结晶结构与其各种物性的关系

为研究磷酸盐皮膜结晶结构与其各种物性之间的关系,对磷酸锌皮膜主要成分(磷酸锌和磷酸铁锌)的结晶结构进行了分析。结果表明:两者晶体结构基本相似;结晶水是与6配位的锌结合在一起,如果此部位的锌被其他金属置换后,结晶水的结合状态将发生变化,从而引起结晶水脱离温度以及耐碱性也发生变化;皮膜从4水盐脱水变成2水盐时,在厚度方向上将产生收缩等。