徒骇河坝上闸下游通航研究

建立了徒骇河二维潮流数学模型,模型采用数学物理方法,将不规则域下求解变换成矩形规则域下求解,计算中,首先采用天然实测资料对模型进行率定,通过有关参数调整,使数值计算成果与天然实测资料达到精度要求。然后通过对自然状态下潮流过程的模拟,分析河段通航条件以及潮位、潮流特征。随后对航道不同疏浚方案和取水条件与潮流的相互影响进行计算,研究航道不同疏浚方案引起的潮流变化。最后采用分析方法,对航道不同扩建方案的回淤以及取水口最大取水能力进行预测。     

季节性冻土区和多年冻土区桥梁结构地震反应分析

冻土层的存在，对桥梁结构抗震安全性的影响是一个值得重视的问题。本文利用黏-弹性边界模拟波向无穷远辐射的结构-地基土一体化计算方法，对季节性冻土区和多年冻土区桥梁结构在不同地震波作用下的反应进行计算，分析冻土层的变化对桥梁结构地震反应的影响，总结在地震荷载作用下，不同场地、不同的冻土厚度、不同高度的桥墩和不同基础条件下桥墩应力分布的一般规律。分析结果表明：在Ⅱ类场地上，冻土层对桥墩地震反应的影响十分显著，不同类型冻土场地上桥墩的最大反应差值可达1倍以上；墩高在10～22m时，冻土层对桥墩地震反应的影响最为显著；不同类型的桥墩基础，对冬夏两季桥墩的地震反应的影响不大；在一般情况下，桥墩的地震反应与冻土性质、桥墩的动力特性以及地震波的性质均密切相关，按融土状态进行设计往往是不安全的，需要考虑桥墩与冻土层相互作用的影响。     

换填法垫层厚度的优化设计

换填法地基处理设计关键是确定垫层的厚度。鉴于传统的设计方法存在不足,文章提出了一种改进的方法,经算例验证该法能更好地确定最佳垫层厚度,同时能适应不同的安全要求,具有较大的灵活性。     

预应力矩形钢箱混凝土梁的试验研究

以东平大桥为工程背景,进行8片预应力矩形钢箱混凝土梁的试验研究。试验参数包括混凝土强度、钢板厚度、预应力度及加载模式,获得试验梁的特征点荷载和跨中截面的全过程荷载-挠度曲线,对试验结果进行比较分析。结果表明,预应力矩形钢箱混凝土梁具有较高的承载能力和较好的延性,混凝土强度、钢板厚度和预应力度对构件的受力性能有较大影响,而加载模式的影响不明显。相对于普通矩形钢箱混凝土梁,受压区混凝土的约束效应得到明显增强,使得预应力矩形钢箱混凝土梁具有更为优越的受力性能,并且不增加构件的高度。     

Dynamic behavior of conveying-fluid pipes with variable wall thickness through circumferential and axial directions

In addition to the traditional hollow circular sections used in marine structures, other hollow sections have attracted the attention of architects and design engineers due to their mechanical characteristics such as torsional rigidity and local strength against impact loading. The purpose of this study is to investigate dynamic response of pipes conveying fluid with variable wall thickness through both circumferential and axial directions. Pipes with variable wall thickness have different flexural rigidities about two different principal axes. This property allows these pipes to be oriented efficiently, meet various design requirements and resist the applied loads. The results of this investigation provide a better insight into the physics and dynamic behavior of non-circular pipes conveying fluid. Two different geometries are studied, (i) the pipe is assumed with a general non-circular cross section with variable wall thickness along the circumferential direction, (ii) both inner and outer boundaries of the pipe cross section are assumed to be circles whereas the wall thickness of the pipe along axial direction is varied with a specified function. The governing differential equations of the problem are derived using Timoshenko beam theory with the effect of shear deformation included in the formulation. The discretization of the problem domain is done using the finite element method. Consequently, a modal analysis is employed to calculate the critical flow velocities of the pipe with clamped-clamped end conditions. The effects of different cross sections on the critical flow velocity are investigated. The importance of Coriolis forces on the presence of coupled-mode flutter and re-stabilization point are also discussed for different values of mass ratio.     

Nonlinear dynamic behaviour of a railway wheelset

Nonlinear dynamic systems are well known to contain certain characteristic additional phenomena compared with linear systems. One example is the fact that nonlinear systems can have multiple stable solutions for one set of parameters. In that case, which one of the multiple stable solutions will be realised will depend on the initial conditions. From the domains of initial conditions which are domains of attraction, probabilities of occurrence of the stable solutions can be calculated. The described dynamical behaviour is studied in the present paper using two examples. To introduce the basic phenomena, the well-known academic Duffing oscillator with harmonic excitation is considered. Domains of attraction are shown for the two stable solutions and the probability of occurrence of the two solutions in the case of equally distributed initial conditions is calculated. The main example to be considered in this paper is the railway wheelset, which is known to show (depending on the nonlinearities in the model) a subcritical Hopf bifurcation depending on the vehicle speed. In that case a range of speeds exists, where a stable trivial solution and a stable limit cycle solution coexist in addition to an unstable limit cycle solution. Again domains of attraction of the two stable solutions are calculated and their dependence on the vehicle speed is shown. The probabilities of occurrence of the two stable solutions are calculated, where special interest is given to the probability of occurrence of the undesired limit cycle solution.     

船舶塔康天线稳定平台的数学模型

介绍利用旋转矩阵的方法建立塔康天线稳定平台的数学模型，并利用仿真来验证所建模型的正确性。所建模型要实现的控制目的是：当船舶作摇荡运动时控制塔康天线始终指着同一个方向。以达到塔康天线的定向目的。还研究了对船舶摇摆引起的线位移作补偿的平台数学模型，研究了船舶有线运动时的平台的数学模型。     

多环稳定的红外电视制导系统研究

多轴红外导引头是导弹的重要组件,作为具有国际先进水平的新一代导引头,可在3个轴向上使红外摄像机稳定,与弹上有关系统一起完成对目标的搜索与跟踪,并以高精度提供光轴相对于弹轴的夹角,从而完成整个导弹对目标的跟踪直至命中目标。采用红外光学舱后,该型号导弹的全天候作战能力将大大提高。     

坦桑尼亚达港PHC桩耐久性设计

坦桑尼亚达港采用国内常规PHC桩,设计使用年限为60 a。对比中国标准、欧洲标准关于结构耐久性方面设计理念的差异,由于中外标准均没有针对60 a设计使用年限的结构耐久性设计方法,所以利用国内外典型的混凝土结构耐久性计算模型,如欧洲Duracrete模型、《水运工程结构耐久性设计标准》模型、港珠澳大桥耐久性设计模型,考虑PHC桩的使用环境,进行常规PHC桩达到60 a设计使用寿命需要的保护层厚度及混凝土氯离子扩散系数两项耐久性控制指标的计算,提出PHC桩耐久性控制指标,获得认可,将中国标准产品输出国门,节约了大量PHC桩模具改造费用。     

新型空心块体促淤堤断面波浪特性试验研究

依据长江口南汇边滩促淤工程的波浪条件及物理模型试验方法对新型空心块体促淤堤的断面波浪特性开展研究,结果表明:1)单质量3 t的空心四面块体促淤堤堤身孔隙率约为66%;2)波能消减率随着堤身高度的增加线性增加,波高消减率随堤身高度增加的变大速率较波长消减率平均快4倍以上;3)与传统抛石加护面块体促淤堤相比,空心四面块体促淤堤具有"堤身对地基压载显著减小"、"施工简便"、"强风浪作用下生存力强且修复简便"以及"有利于重复利用"等优点;4)提出了一种特定条件下的空心四面块体促淤堤的临界稳定断面形态,在该临界断面条件下,每100 m促淤堤块体数量约为3 210,水位较低时其消浪效果较传统抛石加护面块体促淤堤略差,但水位较高时其消浪效果接近甚至显著超过传统促淤堤。