船舶机舱油水分离器排油监控系统的PSC检查

文中介绍了船舶机舱油水分离器排油监控系统的组成、工作原理及港口国监督检查要点,并结合检查实例进行分析,最后给出了一些检查建议,以期能与同行进行交流探讨     

基于曲波变换的高铁绝缘子状态检测方法

针对高铁接触网绝缘子破损的不良状态图像检测问题,提出一种利用曲波变换的绝缘子不良状态定位检测方法。先通过Radon变换实现绝缘子角度的确定,接着运用曲波变换对系数矩阵进行统计处理,最后实现绝缘子的角度调整、定位和破损情况判断。该方法能够精确定位绝缘子,并给出不良状态的判断,可以为工程应用提供技术参考。     

大连港登沙河港区潮流泥沙数模试验研究

依据最新的水文、泥沙实测资料进行了统计分析,为数模计算提供参数,然后建立多重嵌套潮流数学模型,计算正常天气下工程实施前、后的海域潮流场分布情况,并在年均含沙量的风浪条件作用下计算港池航道常年回淤情况,对港池航道建成后的年淤积量进行预报,从潮流泥沙角度为登沙河港区建设提供了设计依据。计算结果表明,3个方案实施后对周边水域影响均较小,港区虽有环流但强度较低,停泊区域流速很小。外航道区域方案一横流明显小于其他2个方案。3个方案实施后,港池航道年平均淤强介于0.08～0.12 m,淤积很轻。因此,该工程是可行的。     

A fuzzy failure mode and effects approach to analyse concentrated inspection campaigns on board ships

ABSTRACT

Maritime actions against substandard operations of ships are a great deal of memorandum of understanding (MoUs) under regional basis agreements among port state control (PSC) organisations. Herein, concentrated inspection campaigns (CIC), performed by the different members of MoUs in certain periods, are a monitoring strategy to effectively control the core operational matters encountered in fire-safety systems, propulsion and auxiliary machinery system, lifesaving appliances, working conditions on board ships, etc. This paper proposes a quantified maritime safety analysis based on fuzzy failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) to evaluate CIC database of MoUs in order to achieve advance creative solutions. Demonstration studies are performed on the special database on fire-safety system deficiencies. Since the fuzzy FMEA outcomes point out the risk prioritisation numbers and relevant control options, the paper attempts to transform CIC feedback into useful information in terms of enhancing the ship PSC inspection concept (e-PSC inspection). The paper theoretically contributes to safety analysis methods in literature while demonstration of e-PSC inspections offers an insight into maritime industry in safety improvement.     

船长文献--远洋船进入美国水域操作指南(一)

系统而详尽地介绍了美国海岸警备队(USCG)对船舶检查的特点,以及船舶为适应USCG要求而应该采取的对策。     

The coastal edge of the Northeast Water polynya in spring 1993

Multidisciplinary, marine ecological observations were conducted at the shallow water edge of the Northeast Water in June, 1993. Although variable in size and shape, a small polynya was constantly present at Eskimonaes, at the fast-ice edge of Ingolfsfjord. A shallow stratified layer developed at the water sufface at negative water and air temperatures—an effect of sea ice melting in cold water early in the season. Nutrients were recorded in considerable quantities, although by mid July NO₃ had become depleted. The chlorophyll and phytoplankton maxima at 8–12 m depth had peak values of 2 mg chl a m⁻³, typical for Arctic algal blooms. The phytoplankton included over 90 species and was dominated by the Fragillariopsis group. Zooplankton was poor in biomass and density, but over 23 taxa were found, with the copepods Oithona similis and Pseudocalanus acuspes being numerically dominant. Sedimentation was approximately 0.2 g dry weight m⁻² d⁻¹ and suspended matter concentrations ranged from 4 to 19 mg l⁻¹. The benthos was represented by hard bottom forms only, with a surprisingly dense cover of macrophytes. Juvenile sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis), brittle stars (Ophiocten sericeum) and amphipods were dominant. Higher trophic levels were represented by benthic feeders, such as eiders and walruses. The area observed was more similar to high Arctic fjord ecosystems than to the offshore central Northeast Water polynya.     

深埋双线铁路隧道衬砌高水压分界值研究

为研究深埋双线铁路隧道衬砌高水压分界值以及高水压作用下的衬砌受力状态,基于双线铁路隧道设计标准,利用有限元软件计算和分析双线铁路隧道衬砌在不同水压作用下隧道衬砌安全系数的变化规律,确定双线铁路隧道衬砌的高水压分界值。研究结果表明:Ⅱ、Ⅲ级围岩条件下水压力在0~0.05 MPa(约等于隧道净高一半)和Ⅳ、Ⅴ级围岩条件下水压力在0~0.1 MPa(约等于隧道净高)范围内变化时,隧道断面安全系数基本不变。在Ⅱ、Ⅲ级围岩条件下,双线隧道的高水压第一分界值为0.08~0.20 MPa;高水压第二分界值可取为0.40MPa。在Ⅳ、Ⅴ级围岩条件下,双线隧道的高水压第一分界值为0.12~0.35 MPa;高水压第二分界值为0.50 MPa。双线铁路隧道采用标准设计图进行设计时,能够承受的最大静水头为50 m,超过50 m的静水头,则需要优化断面。     

图像识别技术在接触网悬挂状态检测中的应用

提出了一种新型基于计算机图像自动识别的接触网零部件悬挂状态检测算法。它与之前的人工肉眼图像判断和传统人工巡检相比,具有检测精度高、检测速度快、环境适应力强等优点。     

支挡结构极限状态的划分探讨

研究目的:支挡结构属于岩土工程结构,岩土工程的极限状界定相对于结构工程更困难。本文基于国内外通行的极限状态概念,对比分析岩土工程和结构工程极限状态的共性和差异,梳理支挡结构极限状态并重点分析明挖基础和桩基础的极限状态,提出支挡结构极限状态划分的建议。研究结论:(1)广义的极限状态可理解为某项功能达到预定的要求,极限状态已经不限于破坏和失效的概念,其外延扩大至不能达到预定设计目标的要求——某项规定的限制值;(2)支挡结构属于岩土工程范畴,其极限状态包括结构整体稳定极限状态和构件结构极限状态,结构整体稳定极限状态包括:承载能力极限状态、正常使用极限状态和介于两者之间极限状态,此状态需进一步研究;(3)一般地区明挖基础压应力极限状态和岩质地基锚固桩基础侧向受压极限状态归为正常使用极限状态;(4)该结论可用于指导支挡结构极限状态设计研究。     

中英钻爆法铁路隧道设计方法比较研究

针对钻爆法铁路隧道围岩分级、初期支护及二次衬砌设计方法等内容,对比分析了中英两国在隧道设计方法和理念方面的差异。对比分析表明,英国隧道设计基于巴顿的Q系统,该系统用表征岩体的RQD值,节理组数、粗糙度系数、地下水折减系数、蚀变系数及地应力折减系数来反映围岩整体力学性质,英国铁路隧道初期支护采用经验设计法,根据Q图谱进行预设计,采用有限元程序进行检算。二次衬砌采用极限状态理论进行设计,衬砌承受围岩压力的标准值由巴顿公式计算得出,二次衬砌设计时不考虑初期支护的作用。中国铁路隧道初期支护多采用类比法进行设计,并采用有限元法进行校核,二次衬砌普遍按破损阶段法设计,围岩压力根据统计回归公式计算,采用安全系数K控制结构安全性。相比而言,英国隧道设计方法和理念与围岩参数联系较为紧密和直观,而中国隧道设计方法基于定性与定量结合的围岩分级标准,两者差异明显。