The Next Step of Devising China's Legal Regime for Deep Seabed Mining—The Environmental Regulation under China's Deep Seabed Mining Law

The due diligence obligation of sponsoring states requires state parties to enact laws and take administrative measures to secure effective regulation of the contractors of deep seabed mining and ensure that the contractors comply with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and regulations issued by International Seabed Authority (ISA). China has invested significantly in the exploration and exploitation of the deep seabed resources in the Area and China enacted its deep seabed mining law (DSM Law) in 2016 to fulfill its due diligence obligation as a sponsoring state. Environmental regulation is an important part of devising the international legal regime of deep seabed mining, and the ISA has been in the process of drafting Environmental Regulations. It is the sponsoring states' obligation to ensure that the contractors comply with the environmental rules issued by the ISA. China's DSM Law has many provisions stating the environmental obligations of its contractors; however, these provisions are phrased in rather general terms. It is necessary for China to take the next step as a sponsoring state and promulgate its domestic environmental regulation under its DSM Law in order to further fulfill its due diligence obligation. A procedure-oriented approach should be adopted for drafting the environmental regulation under China's DSM Law. Ideally, the environmental regulation under China's DSM Law should specify the rights and obligations of the contractors and domestic regulatory agency, delineating the environmental measures that the contractors need to take in different stages of exploring and exploiting deep seabed resources in order to comply with the environmental rules issued by the ISA.     

基于双层K近邻算法的短时交通流预测

双层K近邻算法在K近邻算法的基础上,增加了模式匹配步骤,从而提高了K近邻算法的预测精度.鉴于此,利用双层K近邻算法,对北京市微波检测器数据进行分析,进而标定算法的最优参数.同时定义了预测算法的滞后性,并将双层K近邻算法与自适应预测算法的滞后性进行了对比,从预测精度及滞后性两方面验证了双层K近邻算法的适用性.     

利用速度信息改进城市道路短时交通量预测

利用速度消息的时变特性,提出了1种无需假设状态变量为平稳的基于卡尔曼滤波算法的短时交通量预测模型。依据城市道路网上下游路段交通流之间的时空演化关系,利用实时采集的路段平均速度信息构建时变的状态转移矩阵来取代常数状态转移矩阵,对现有基于卡尔曼滤波算法的短时交通量预测模型进行改进。最后以2个真实路段4d的交通量进行预测试验,相关计算结果表明:由于加强了模型的动态性,改进后的预测模型较原模型的预测精度在整体上有所提高,其中平均绝对相对误差由7.64%及16.04%分别下降至7.25%及15.75%,均等系数则由0.9572及0.9250分别提高至0.9602及0.9268,而对于交通量急速变化的时段,提高的幅度更为明显,平均绝对相对误差可降低14.8%,从而验证了所提出方法的有效性。     

基于信道状态信息的船舶驾驶台人员检测及活跃度评价方法

船舶驾驶台人员包括按照规定要求的常规值班人员和特殊情况下额外的瞭望人员或船长、引航员等,驾驶台人员活跃度是判断其工作状态的重要指标之一。传统的基于计算机视觉的人员检测方法在面对船舶驾驶台遮挡物多、夜间或恶劣天气下光线不足等问题时,精度明显降低。为解决该问题,提出了1种基于普通商用Wi-Fi设备的活跃度感知方法。由于船体材质、结构特点以及变化的运动状态导致动态多径多、信号噪声强,对Wi-Fi设备造成干扰,为此设计了值班高关联度数据（duty high correlation data,DHCD）选择模块及基于信道状态信息（channel state information,CSI）的多层级特征提取模块。DHCD选择模块分析驾驶台人员不同航行、值班情况下的CSI特点,对比0~5人在驾驶台内值班、工作时的信道变化,利用模糊C-means聚类算法提取CSI中对值班人员行为反应最灵敏的信道,去除对信号噪声反应敏感的信道信息;通过多层级特征提取模块计算去噪后CSI数据的幅值与相位离散度、多链路融合离散度、变异指数等多层特征,作为活跃度评价基础参数。依据驾驶台值班要求设计了驾驶台人员活跃度评价模块,采用支持向量机算法判断驾驶台人员数量,采用客观赋权法得到基础参数权重,结合人数信息与权重信息评价驾驶台人员活跃度。实验结果表明：使用DHCD选择模块和多层级模块处理后的多层级特征将驾驶台人员数量检测精度提升至89.6%,对比直接使用原始数据时检测精度提升7.1%。在夜间、雨雾天气等光照不足情况下,基于计算机视觉方法的检测精度会由光线充足时的96.2%降至60.3%,而该方法监测精度不会降低。因此,基于CSI的驾驶台人员活跃度检测方法丰富了驾驶台人员检测算法,能有效识别船舶驾驶台人员是否符合安全值班的基本要求。     

结合实际锚固构造的大跨斜拉桥索形计算方法

大跨度斜拉桥设计中,斜拉索精确状态的计算是一步重要的计算环节,但求解不易。为解决这一问题,以悬链线解析法为基础,综合考虑索梁锚固构造和索塔锚固构造的影响,提出在斜拉索张拉力、斜拉索规格已知时精确求解斜拉索线形、无应力长度的迭代计算方法,并以一个算例演示计算过程。提出的斜拉索索形计算方法理论上可求得斜拉索索形的精确解,设计者也可根据实际需要设置迭代终止条件控制计算精度;通过算例可知采用本方法计算迭代收敛速度快,计算效率高;在实际工程中,可用于合理成桥状态或某一施工阶段的斜拉索索形求解。     

方便旗船舶对海运的影响

方便旗船是在一定历史条件下,国际经济、政治和各国航运立法等因素的综合性产物,其存在和发展有积极的一面,但从整体上看一些方便船籍国忽视了对方便旗船的有效管辖与管制,给世界航运经济带来一系列负面影响。介绍船舶入注方便旗的各种原因,阐述其所带来的种种弊端,最后介绍为提高其营运安全所采取的措施以及有关专家对正常登记国的建议。     

A procedure for predicting the permanent rotation of monopiles in sand supporting offshore wind turbines

Foundations for Offshore Wind Turbines (OWTs) are designed following the limit state philosophy. One of the considered states is the Serviceability Limit State (SLS), which verifies that the permanent rotation of the foundation generated from accumulated strains in the soil is below a project specific criterion. Despite design codes requiring an estimation of the permanent rotation, there is not clear guidance on how to implement this. This paper describes a methodology to estimate the monopile permanent rotation for SLS and discusses its advantages and limitations. The methodology combines an accumulation method with results from 3D Finite Element Analyses (FEA) and a soil model that accounts for strain accumulation as a function of the number of cycles, relative density and load characteristics. The performance of the proposed methodology is compared against experimental centrifuge tests and results from advanced 3D FEA, indicating that it can predict the permanent rotation with satisfactory accuracy, and with a considerable reduction in computational effort. This is important for the design of OWTs, where different load histories might be required to be checked – often under tight time constraints – to find which load history leads to the largest permanent rotation, and therefore is more critical to SLS design.     

温州港防台避风水域的保护和使用

防台避风水域是船舶在台风恶劣天气情况下的避难所。文中通过对温州辖区防台避风水域现状调查分析,并结合温州港口发展需求,提出了如何保护和合理使用防台避风水域的几点建议。     

基于扩张状态观测器的双桨推进无人艇抗干扰目标跟踪控制

[目的]针对无人艇(USV)的模型不确定性和未知海洋环境扰动,提出一种基于扩张状态观测器(ESO)的双桨推进无人艇抗干扰目标跟踪控制算法.[方法]在运动学层级,设计基于平行接近制导原理的目标跟踪制导律;在动力学层级,针对模型不确定性和未知环境扰动,设计基于ESO的纵荡速度和艏摇角速度自抗扰控制律,以减小模型不确定性和环...     

威海长会口海湾大桥桥区水域乘潮保证率分析研究

为确定通过拟建大桥的船型,为桥区水域的疏浚提供技术依据,对长会口海湾大桥桥区水域(长会口嘴天然航道)的乘潮保证率进行计算和分析,构建计算模型,并对不同计算方法的结果进行比对。