Port authorities view state coastal management programs

Abstract

An estuarine sanctuary is a store of public values due to the ecological, cultural, recreational, aesthetic, historic, and economic services provided by the preserve. These values may be expected to increase over time because of (1) growth in the population demanding estuarine services, (2) growth in the willingness to pay for such services, and (3) growth in the actual quality and quantity of services which are provided by a protected natural system. Thus an estuarine sanctuary will be more valuable to future generations than to current generations. When weighing the cost and benefits of a preservation or development decision, a preservation decision which seems currently undesirable may in fact be socially beneficial when growth in the value of estuarine services is included.     

关于SPD应用中问题的探讨

针对SPD在应用中存在的几个问题进行探讨.重点论述了SPD的响应时间、多级SPD的动作顺序、不同波形冲击电流的等效变换、残压与冲击电流峰值的关系和SPD应用中各个电压量之间的相互关系等问题,可供相关系统设计、运行、维护人员参考.     

改善汽车冷起动性的试验研究

分析了CA10 91和EQ10 90系列汽车在低温条件下冷起动困难的原因 ,提出改善汽车冷起动性的一系列措施 ,研究和设计一套改善汽车冷起动性装置 ,并对此装置进行了试验研究     

台车碰撞试验用机械缓冲吸能装置研究

本文介绍了一种用于台车碰撞试验的机械缓冲吸能装置。通过计算机仿真与试验研究，证明该装置可以满足台车碰撞试验要求。     

一种电控柴油机故障诊断系统的开发

针对一种民控管理系统开发了故障诊断模块，相应开发了一种基于计算机的电控柴油机故障诊断系统。该故障诊断模块和故障诊断系统配合使用，可以方便，全面地对柴油机电控系统进行诊断和自诊断，该系统有较好的扩展性，是柴油机电控系统测试，维修及开发的有效工具。     

扶贫道路项目后评价体系的研究

在参考世界银行项目后评价程序与方法的基础上，结合河南省世界银行扶贫道路项目的项目管理经验和特点，建立具有特色的扶贫道路项目后评价体系。     

奔驰轿车的行驶稳定性电子控制系统

电子稳定程序（ＥＳＰ）控制系统是一种在各种行驶条件下能提高车辆行驶稳定性的主动安全体系。ＥＳＰ控制模块根据输入信号确定在当前行驶条件下，以下６种工作模式中的一些应被接通，即普通模式、ＡＢＳ控制模式、ＡＳＲ控制模式、ＭＳＲ控制模式、ＥＳＰ控制模式及ＥＳＰ切断模式。     

Extensive study on the design loads used for strength assessment of tanker and bulk carrier structures

ClassNK has undertaken wide-ranging basic research covering many aspects related to the safety of ship structures, including design loads, structural analysis, strength assessment of buckling, collapse, and fatigue, and rational corrosion margins to develop new design standards which have transparency and consistency. Among the wide-ranging basic research, this article summarizes the results of extensive work on the design loads used for strength assessments of tanker and bulk carrier structures. The main aim of the research was to develop practical estimation methods of design loads with rational technical backgrounds relating to the actual loads acting on the primary structural members of tankers and bulk carriers. During this study, we proposed the following methodology. Design sea states that closely resemble the actual sea states which are considered to be the most severe for hull structures. Find practical estimation methods for the design sea states by parametric studies using the results of series calculations on representative tankers and bulk carriers. Find practical estimation methods for design regular waves which will result in the same level of stresses as those induced in irregular waves under the design sea states. We also briefly introduced some practical estimation methods for the design loads, such as ship motions, accelerations, hull-girder bending moments, and hydrodynamic pressures that are induced under design regular waves. The findings in this study have been summarized and implemented in the new design standards for tanker and bulk carrier structures.Updated from the Japanese original which won the 2003 SNAJ prize (J Soc Nav Archit Jpn 2002; 191:195–207; 2002; 191:208–220; and 2002; 192:723–733)     

绿化修剪车避障工作装置运动学分析

以绿化修剪车的工作装置为研究对象,通过矩阵分析法建立了工作臂矢量运动方程,完成了机械臂的运动学分析。同时,运用ADAMS对绿化修剪车的工作装置进行了运动学仿真,得到了绿化修剪车触杆的运动包络图和割草机触杆末端的位移、速度及加速度,验证了机械臂数学模型的正确性。最后,根据绿化修剪车工作装置的实际运动情况和仿真结果,推算出绿化修剪车的最大作业速度和避障时间,为后续液压系统设计和工作臂的控制设计提供了理论依据。     

Inorganic carbon fluxes through the boundaries of the Greenland Sea Basin based on in situ observations and water transport estimates

A carbon budget for the exchange of total dissolved inorganic carbon C_T between the Greenland Sea and the surrounding seas has been constructed for winter and summer situations. An extensive data set of C_T collected over the years 1994–1997 within the European Sub-polar Ocean Programmes (ESOP1 and ESOP2) are used for the budget calculation. Based on these data, mean values of C_T in eight different boxes representing the inflow and outflow of water through the boundaries of the Greenland Sea Basin are estimated. The obtained values are then combined with simulated water transports taken from the ESOP2 version of the Miami Isopycnic Coordinate Ocean Model (MICOM). The fluxes of inorganic carbon are presented for three layers; a surface mixed layer, an intermediate layer and a deep layer, and the imbalance in the fluxes are attributed to air–sea exchange, biological fixation of inorganic carbon, and sedimentation. The main influx of carbon is found in the surface and the deep layers in the Fram Strait, and in the surface waters of direct Atlantic origin, whereas the main outflux is found in the surface layer over the Jan Mayen Fracture Zone and the Knipovich Ridge, transporting carbon into the Atlantic Ocean via the Denmark Strait and towards the Arctic Ocean via the Norwegian Sea, respectively. The flux calculation indicates that there is a net transport of carbon out of the Greenland Sea during wintertime. In the absence of biological activity, this imbalance is attributed to air sea exchange, and requires an oceanic uptake of CO₂ of 0.024±0.006 Gt C yr⁻¹. The flux calculations from the summer period are complicated by biological fixation of inorganic carbon, and show that data on organic carbon is required in order to estimate the air–sea exchange in the area.