影响水利工程施工质量的主要因素与控制措施

在水利工程施工过程中 ,影响其质量的主要因素有“人、材料、机具、方法、环境”等五方面。一个水利工程项目从开工到竣工投入运行的施工过程中 ,只要某一环节上出现问题 ,都会影响工程质量的提高或可能埋下质量事故隐患。因此 ,保证水利工程施工质量 ,努力实现施工合同条件中确定的施工质量要求 ,必须做到事前主动控制 ,事中积极检查 ,事后严肃把关的积极的预防措施。同时 ,必须贯彻“以防为主 ,防检结合”的方针 ,做到纵向全过程、横向全系统、意识全方向、时间全控制的质量管理要求 ,综合运用多种督查手段措施 ,确保结构安全 ,满足使用功能 ,外表美观大方     

桥头搭板结构分析

将桥头间搭板简化为具有局部脱空的Winkler地基梁，针对不同的端部支承条件，对它在移动车辆荷载作用下的受力状况进行了全面分析，绘制了几种典型搭板的最大弯矩影响线图，给出了可用于搭板设计的诺模图。     

连续斜梁桥受竖向荷载时的内力近似计算

应用斜梁桥与正梁桥之间夹角的余弦关系，找到了一种求解连续斜梁桥赘余未知力的近似方法。它把一个连续斜梁桥的力学问题转化为连续正梁桥的力学问题。通过几个算例的验证，其计算结果不但具有较高的精度，而且其计算过程可以应用一般平面杆系有限元法的计算程序来完成。因此，它给设计人员带来很大的方便。     

非自由液化场地地基动力性能大型振动台模型试验研究

基于1∶10模型大型振动台试验,研究非自由液化场地的地基动力性能。液化场地条件下,与自由场地基相比,非自由场地地基的自振频率明显加大、动力耗能作用提高较小。土层液化前且在小震输入下,地基动力变形的线性特征较突出,主要表现为对地震波的动力放大作用,加速度反应自下而上逐渐增大;土层完全液化后,地基加速度反应自下而上也逐渐增大,这是由于液化地基的层间剪切运动加快且加快的速率自下而上逐渐增大所致。地基孔压变化主要受两方面因素影响:一是随埋深减小,孔压减小,但孔压比增大;二是离桩距离越近,孔压和孔压比越大。土层液化前,输入波主要峰值过后,自下而上孔压消散逐渐减慢。较大震输入下,自下而上孔压有减小的趋势,但最大孔压比均很快达到液化孔压比;输入波主要峰值过后,孔压消散很缓慢,尤其是孔压消散随埋深减小越来越慢。试验中还出现瞬时负孔压的有趣现象,这也许是由于可液化土层发生瞬时膨胀作用所致。     

连拱隧道施工技术

针对连拱隧道的施工工艺复杂,中隔墙衬砌容易开裂和渗漏水的特点,介绍了连拱隧道的施工方法,分析了连拱隧道中隔墙衬砌容易开裂和渗漏水的原因,提出了防排水施工的方法及防治渗漏水的措施,可供类似工程施工中参考.     

砂浆锚杆的有限元模拟方法探讨

针对现有砂浆锚杆有限元模拟方法的局限性与不足，在深入探讨砂浆锚杆的力学机理的基础上，提出了一种包含锚杆、砂浆以及接触面的新型复合锚杆单元，该单元不仅能反映锚杆的轴向受力作用，还能反映锚杆的抗弯以及锚杆与岩体接触面的剪切滑移效应，并利用有限元基本理论，推导了新型复合锚杆单元刚度矩阵及相关计算公式，并编制了相应的计算程序，工程实例分析表明：模型能够满足工程要求，具有一定的理论与工程实用价值。     

地下连续墙作为桥梁基础在软土地区的应用

本文以上海浦东国际机场1号桥的设计为背景,介绍了地下连续墙做为桥梁基础的计算模型的建立、计算参数的取值以及构造处理措施。结果表明:当条件受限制时,地下连续墙不失为一种较好的基础型式。     

Fuzzy-logic applied to yaw moment control for vehicle stability

In this paper, we propose a new yaw moment control based on fuzzy logic to improve vehicle handling and stability. The advantages of fuzzy methods are their simplicity and their good performance in controlling non-linear systems. The developed controller generates the suitable yaw moment which is obtained from the difference of the brake forces between the front wheels so that the vehicle follows the target values of the yaw rate and the sideslip angle. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control method when the vehicle is subjected to different cornering steering manoeuvres such as change line and J-turn under different driving conditions (dry road and snow-covered).     

A regression and beam theory based approach for fatigue assessment of containership structures including bending and torsion contributions

Container shipping has been expanding dramatically during the last decade. Due to their special structural characteristics, such as the wide breadth and large hatch openings, horizontal bending and torsion play an important role to the fatigue safety of containerships. In this study the fatigue contributions from vertical bending, horizontal bending and torsion are investigated using full-scale measurements of strain records on two containerships. Further, these contributions are compared to results from direct calculations where a nonlinear 3D panel method is used to compute wave loads in time domain. It is concluded that both bending and torsion have significant impacts on the fatigue assessment of containerships. The stresses caused by these loads could be correctly computed by full-ship finite element analysis. However, this requires large computational effort, since for fatigue assessment purposes the FE analysis needs to be carried out for all encountered sea states and operational conditions with sufficient time steps for each condition. In this paper, a new procedure is proposed to run the structure finite element analysis under only one sea condition for only a few time steps. Then, these results are used to obtain a relationship between wave loads and structural stresses through a linear regression analysis. This relation can be further used to compute stresses for arbitrary sea states and operational conditions using the computed wave loads (bending and torsion moments) as input. Based on this proposed method for structure stress analysis, an efficient procedure is formulated and found to be in very good agreement with the full-ship finite element analysis. In addition it is several orders of magnitude more time efficient for fatigue assessment of containership structures.     

“穷举法”在油船货油舱分舱优化设计中的应用

为实现油船货油舱分舱优化,以一艘大型油船为例,根据MARPOL公约和共同结构规范(HCSR)的要求,在主尺度、船型和货油舱总舱容确定的情况下,以最小静水弯矩为优化目标,基于"穷举法"编制优化货油舱横舱壁位置的应用程序。实际应用结果表明,该程序可运用到油船的分舱优化中,能达到快速、合理地分舱,提高设计效率的目的。