Consumer preferences and willingness to pay for advanced vehicle technology options and fuel types

The automotive industry is witnessing a revolution with the advent of advanced vehicular technologies, smart vehicle options, and fuel alternatives. However, there is very limited research on consumer preferences for such advanced vehicular technologies. The deployment and penetration of advanced vehicular technologies in the marketplace, and planning for possible market adoption scenarios, calls for the collection and analysis of consumer preference data related to these emerging technologies. This study aims to address this need, offering a detailed analysis of consumer preference for alternative fuel types and technology options using data collected in stated choice experiments conducted on a sample of consumers from six metropolitan cities in South Korea. The results indicate that there is considerable heterogeneity in consumer preferences for various smart technology options such as wireless internet, vehicle connectivity, and voice command features, but relatively less heterogeneity in the preference for smart vehicle applications such as real-time traveler information on parking and traffic conditions.     

Assessing the impact of reduced visibility on traffic crash risk using microscopic data and surrogate safety measures

Due to the difficulty of obtaining accurate real-time visibility and vehicle based traffic data at the same time, there are only few research studies that addressed the impact of reduced visibility on traffic crash risk. This research was conducted based on a new visibility detection system by mounting visibility sensor arrays combined with adaptive learning modules to provide more accurate visibility detections. The vehicle-based detector, Wavetronix SmartSensor HD, was installed at the same place to collect traffic data. Reduced visibility due to fog were selected and analyzed by comparing them with clear cases to identify the differences based on several surrogate measures of safety under different visibility classes. Moreover, vehicles were divided into different types and the vehicles in different lanes were compared in order to identify whether the impact of reduced visibility due to fog on traffic crash risk varies depending on vehicle types and lanes. Log-Inverse Gaussian regression modeling was then applied to explore the relationship between time to collision and visibility together with other traffic parameters. Based on the accurate visibility and traffic data collected by the new visibility and traffic detection system, it was concluded that reduced visibility would significantly increase the traffic crash risk especially rear-end crashes and the impact on crash risk was different for different vehicle types and for different lanes. The results would be helpful to understand the change in traffic crash risk and crash contributing factors under fog conditions. We suggest implementing the algorithms in real-time and augmenting it with ITS measures such as VSL and DMS to reduce crash risk.     

Vehicle electrification in a developing country: Status and issue,from a well-to-wheel perspective

The increase of public attention, scientific research and political interest in environmental problems associated with transportation has provided the motivation for re-invention of electric vehicles. However the usage of grid-dependent EVs with a high-carbon electricity grid might produce more damage to the environment. This study aims to provide an environmental impact comparison of ICEVs, HEVs and EVs during their usage cycle, by modeling their energy consumption (electricity or fuel) and the supply chains of the supplied energy, (well-to-wheel) based on a life cycle assessment. The results show that running EVs with the existing mixed sources of electrical energy produce larger impacts on the environment 60% of the time; when compared to HEVs. When compared to ICEVs, EVs produce a larger environmental impact on 7 out of 15 environmental impact categories. Overall the environmental impacts of EVs are substantial based on the well-to-wheel analysis. It will continue to be so if no change is made to the methods of electricity generation in the near future. Given that the environmental profile of EVs is linked with the existing national electricity generation mix, the national electricity supply must be made cleaner before the electrification of the urban transport system.     

关于隧道穿越复杂地层塌方处理的对策与方法

隧道穿越复杂地层,施工中的塌方发生,针对吉茶高速公路麻栗场隧道塌方情况,进行了塌方原因的分析。文章通过麻栗场隧道塌方处理实例,浅述塌方处理的对策与采用＂护拱法＂、＂护拱法＂＋＂拱上拱＂及＂护拱法＂＋＂密排工字钢拱架＂等方法,进行塌方处理的主要施工技术措施。施工步骤以及处理后的效果。     

某铁路斜交混凝土排洪盖板涵增二线的加固

斜交混凝土盖板涵是在铁路排洪上较多采用的一种涵洞形式,在增二线后,原结构不能承受新施加的荷载。针对此问题,提出对既有涵洞进行加固的方法。分别建立原模型和加固模型,模拟计算,分析对比计算结果,得出"托梁拔柱法",改善了原结构受力,降低了截面弯矩,保证了原结构的完整性,满足安全运营的要求。     

待扩建高速公路路改桥设计施工方案研究

随着社会经济的发展,城市路网的日驱完善,原有道路对局部地区发展的限制作用显现,新建道路工程下穿已有道路的问题愈加突出,所面临的工程技术问题也变得多样化.现以某新建公路下穿已有高速公路为例,对下穿待扩建高速公路的设计方案进行经济性、安全性,以及可行性研究,并给出一种较优的设计方案,为类似的工程项目提供借鉴.     

城市公交线路模态工况构建方法研究

采用GPS设备对西安城市公交典型线路的运行工况进行实测,分别运用瞬态转模态方法和多目标优化法构建出城市客车模态工况.以8个特征参数相对误差为标准,对两种方法的精度进行了对比研究.研究表明,两种方法均能有效地完成工况构建,其中多目标优化法精度最高,瞬态转模态方法简单快捷,从而为工况构建方法的选取提供了思路和数据验证.     

城市防洪中的景观工程建设理论及实践

该文从“以人为本”的设计思路出发,对目前我国城市防洪中景观工程的规划设计做出了初步研究,提出了新时期城市防洪中建设景观工程的努力方向,并以一个具体工程实例作为论述重点,体现了城市防洪中景观工程的建设重点是水利工程与城市规划、景观娱乐浑然一体的结合。     

城市横向交通

随着中国城市化进程的加快,城市机动车保有量的剧增,使得纵向交通与横向交通的冲突愈来愈突出,导致现有的道路交通设施的利用率进一步降低,机动车的运营速度大幅下降,尤其是公交车,行人与非机动车穿越纵向交通流越来越不方便,安全系数低,纵向交通与横向交通处于不和谐的状态。针对这一交通现状从以人为本的角度出发,以提高城市道路交通系统的使用效率,实现城市的可持续发展为目标来分析横向交通,又建议在所有的道路上逐步实现横向交通与纵向交通的彻底分离。     

大型工程项目低标价高造价的形成机理分析

在工程项目建设过程中,低标价中标而最终导致高造价的现象有其内在的必然性。中标机会大小影响报价变动。低价中标预示业主取得了“超额利益”,导致建设期间业主与承包商存在利益上的先对抗、后妥协的“对抗-妥协”关系。承包商进场后,业主风险损失系数变大而趋向于“妥协”,以利项目按时完工。“对抗-妥协”关系存在动态平衡点,但双方在争夺利益的过程中均付出了代价,资源被无形消耗。动态平衡点的计算也存在陷阱,用错也使造价大幅提升。本文运用数学模型分析了其中的机理,并提出了防范和改变这种局面的建议,可应用于大型工程项目管理。