掺加直投式高模量剂沥青混合料的合理层位

为研究掺加直投式高模量剂的沥青混合料的合理层位,通过有限元软件建立了路面结构模型,分析了三种沥青路面结构的竖向变形的层位变化规律,分析表明:直投式高模量改性剂掺加下面层后,面层的弯沉变形降低了9.47%,是掺加上面层结构弯沉降低速率的1.78倍,而且下面层的变形率由普通结构的67.8%减少至60.1%,下面层的变形贡献率得到大幅降低,说明下面层掺加高模量剂能有效地提高下面层的抗变形能力,增加下面层在抗竖向变形的基础作用,对于整个面层来说既减少了变形量,又增加了整体稳定性,是掺加直投式高模量剂的优先层位。     

Physical processes in the ROFI regime

The distinctive feature of all ROFI (Regions Of Freshwater Influence) systems is the input of significant amounts of buoyancy as freshwater from river sources. If the spatial scale is unrestricted by coastal topography and stirring is weak, this input tends to drive a coast-parallel flow in which the Coriolis force constrains a wedge of low density water against the coastal boundary. Without frictional effects, this flow is subject to baroclinic instability which induces large meanders and eddies in the flow but in, many ROFIs, the tidal flow induces frictional effects which stabilise the density driven flow.In the absence of the effects of rotation and stirring, the buoyancy input tends to induce stratification through an estuarine circulation in the direction of the gradient. When stirring is applied, by the action of wind, waves or tidal flow, the density current is suppressed but is rapidly re-established when stirring ceases, as in the Linden-Simpson (1988) laboratory tank experiments. In real ROFI systems, a combination of all these processes operates so that the structure of the water column and the flow is the result of a competition between the stratifying influence of buoyancy input and the net stirring effect of the wind, waves and the tides. This competition is more difficult to analyse than the heating-stirring competition, because freshwater buoyancy input is not spatially uniform but enters at discrete sources along the coast and its subsequent spreading has to be determined.While the springs-neaps cycle in tidal stirring imposes a regular fortnightly modulation on vertical mixing, the influence of the wind is irregular and depends, not just on the magnitude of the stress, but also on the direction in which it acts. In some exposed shallow water situations there may also be significant stirring due to waves generated by non-local winds.ROFI systems are further complicated by the action of tidal straining in which differential advection, due to vertical shear in the tide, interacts with the density gradient to generate fluctuations in vertical stability at the tidal frequency which, in some cases, are of sufficient amplitude to switch the water column between stable stratification and vertical density homogeneity each tidal cycle. This straining along with the other ROFI processes have been incorporated into a series of 1-D models to provide a more objective test of the hypotheses about the mechanisms involved. Comparison of model hindcasts with observations indicate that we now have a first-order understanding of the complex behaviour of ROFIs.On a global scale it is clear that ROFIs represent an important component of the shelf-sea environment of particular concern in relation to the impact of pollutant discharges. To date, most studies of ROFI's have concentrated on systems in temperate latitudes but attention needs to be focused on the very extensive ROFIs in tropical regions where most of the world's river discharge enters the ocean. In monsoonal regions, these inputs exhibit strong seasonal modulation which may, in competition with tidal stirring, result in an annual cycle of stratification and the formation of fronts.     

含水乙醇柴油稳定性影响因素的研究

为解决乙醇乳化柴油极易分层的问题,本文以磁力搅拌器、机械搅拌仪为乳化设备,用0#柴油与含水乙醇为原料制备含水乙醇柴油微乳液,通过实验研究了乳化剂HLB值(亲水、亲油平衡值)、乳化剂含量、含水量、乙醇(95%-体积比)含量对含水乙醇柴油微乳液稳定性的影响。试验结果表明混合燃料的稳定性随含水量与乙醇(95%)量的增加而降低;随乳化剂含量的变化稳定性各有不同,且在乳化剂含量为1%左右时稳定性较好;通过增加乳化剂HLB值可在保证微乳液稳定性的前提下提高含水量和乙醇含量;乙醇含量为9%,乳化剂HLB值为3.5,乳化剂含量为1%时,混合燃料的稳定性最好。本文的研究结果对乙醇乳化柴油的配制具有重要的指导意义。     

推进湾区交通物流一体化发展思路建议

为支撑湾区经济高质量发展,更好地服务于国家区域发展战略,基于交通物流与湾区发展的互动关系,分析了湾区经济发展对交通物流一体化发展的迫切需求,然后根据湾区交通物流一体化发展面临的形势要求,应用运输经济基础分析框架中的“产品-资源-网络”经济分析法和网络形态分层分析法,对交通物流资源进行了分类梳理。在此基础上,将湾区交通物流网络划分为设施网络层、信息装备层、服务组织层和政策体制层,从政府主动作为的角度讨论政府与其他层级之间的相互关系,给出了交通物流在规划统领、网络优化、信息共享、服务融合、政策协同等五个方面的发展思路,为各湾区结合自身实际,细化政策举措提供参考。