A simple formulation for predicting the ultimate strength of ships

The aim of this study is to derive a simple analytical formula for predicting the ultimate collapse strength of a single- and double-hull ship under a vertical bending moment, and also to characterize the accuracy and applicability for earlier approximate formulations. It is known that a ship hull will reach the overall collapse state if both collapse of the compression flange and yielding of the tension flange occur. Side shells in the vicinity of the compression and the tension flanges will often fail also, but the material around the final neutral axis will remain in the elastic state. Based on this observation, a credible distribution of longitudinal stresses around the hull section at the overall collapse state is assumed, and an explicit analytical equation for calculating the hull ultimate strength is obtained. A comparison between the derived formula and existing expressions is made for largescale box girder models, a one-third-scale frigate hull model, and full-scale ship hulls.List of symbols A _B total sectional area of outer bottom - A _B total sectional area of inner bottom - A _D total sectional area of deck - A _S half-sectional area of all sides (including longitudinal bulkheads and inner sides) - a _s sectional area of a longitudinal stiffener with effective plating - b breadth of plate between longitudinal stiffeners - D hull depth - D _B height of double bottom - E Young's modulus - g neutral axis position above the base line in the sagging condition or below the deck in the hogging condition - H depth of hull section in linear elastic state - I _s moment of inertia of a longitudinal stiffener with effective plating - l length of a longitudinal stiffener between transverse beams - M _E elastic bending moment - M _p fully plastic bending moment of hull section - M _u ultimate bending moment capacity of hull section - M _uh ,M _us ultimate bending moment in hogging or sagging conditions - r radius of gyration of a longitudinal stiffener with effective plating [=(I _s /a _s )^1/2] - t plate thickness - Z elastic section modulus at the compression flange - Z _B ,Z _D elastic section modulus at bottom or deck - slenderness ratio of plate between stiffeners [= (b/t)(_y/E)^1/2] - slenderness ratio of a longitudinal stiffener with effective plating [=(l/r)(_y/E)^1/2] - _y yield strength of the material - _yB , _yB , _yD yield strength of outer bottom, inner bottom - _yS deck, or side - _u ultimate buckling strength of the compression flange - _uB , _uB , _uD ultimate buckling strength of outer bottom - _uS inner bottom, deck, or side     

进气预混甲醇降低柴油机碳烟与NOx排放的影响参数研究

在485QDI自然吸气直喷式柴油机上研究了不同喷嘴、不同供油定时、不同喷醇的起点对进气预混甲醇发动机的碳烟、NOx排放和经济性的影响。研究结果表明，为了降低碳烟和NOx排放以及提高燃油经济性，与燃用纯柴油的发动机相比，进气预混甲醇发动机的柴油喷射定时可以保持不变或稍小，但燃油喷嘴的孔径应适当减小，预混甲醇的发动机负荷起点应适中。     

材料、结构和工艺因素对高强度螺栓疲劳性能的影响试验研究

对影响高强度螺栓疲劳性能的材料、结构和工艺等因素进行了较广泛的对比试验研究。比较了6种材料疲劳试样的疲劳性能;考察了硬度、再回火、去应力退火、表面脱碳、滚丝/磷化的先后顺序、头下圆角粗糙度、滚丝轮螺纹牙形、头下圆角过渡形式等因素对高强度螺栓疲劳性能的影响。     

潭邵高速公路岩溶与采空区路基处理方法

在探讨高速公路岩溶及采空区路基稳定性的合理评价方法的基础上，提出了潭邵高速公路岩溶与采空区路基处理范围的确定方法，进而，针对潭邵高速公路岩溶及采空区路基的工程及工程地质特点，提出了适合于潭邵高速公路岩溶及采空区路基特点的处理方法，应用于潭邵高速公路工程实践并取得成功，取得了相当的社会与经济效益。     

滑模摊铺水泥混凝土路面施工配合比计算方法

本文针对我国目前大规模采用滑模摊铺机施工高速公路水泥混凝土路面，为适应滑模摊铺施工机械性能，充分发挥滑模摊铺机施工优势，确保水泥混凝土路面强度、平整度等指标而提出的水泥混凝土施工配合比计算方法。     

潭邵高速公路顺层滑坡整治

通过对某顺层古滑坡的现场调查，分析判断出古滑坡的滑动范围、滑动面，并对滑动面抗剪强度参数进行了反分析计算。据此对古滑坡体进行了初步整治设计，实际整治时未进行防水措施，抗滑指标进一步下降，并对此时软化滑动面抗剪强度进行了计算分析。结果对K89-95段的调查分析，对此区段的切方边坡违背工程地质选线原则导致的后果进行了反思。     

大跨径无桥台斜腿刚架桥的展望

无桥台斜腿刚架桥是近年发展起来的一种新桥型。通过研究其受力特性和构造形式，指出该桥型向大跨径发展的可能性。     

东风日产合资背景下湖北省汽车零部件产业的抉择

在中国汽车产业发展迅速的形势下,东风日产合资给湖北省汽车零部件企业的发展带来历史性机遇,世界超级零部件公司纷纷进入中国,也带来存亡性挑战。只有顺应全球性潮流,乘“东风”破“巨浪”,与时俱进,充分发挥湖北省区位优势,在国际竞争中锻炼成长,才能实现跨越式发展战略。     

闽江下游堤防护岸工程施工技术

阐述福建闽江下游堤防护岸工程的原状和维修的必要性 ,提出护岸工程中水下护脚和水上护坡的几种不同结构形式和施工技术并对各自的适用性和优缺点进行评述     

超早强修补水泥混凝土早强机理研究

通过室内试验测试并分析了修补混凝土强度增长、收缩特性、新旧混凝土粘结强度等技术性能,并采用热重分析探讨了混凝土早强机理。结果表明,超早强系列修补混凝土能够满足6h通车要求,并且具有早期强度高、后期强度增长稳定无衰减、干缩及温缩性好、新旧断面粘结强度高等优点;差热分析表明,修补剂的加入减少了氢氧化钙晶体数量,提高了修补混凝土的早期强度。最终试验路的4年成功应用验证了室内研究成果。