气动翼板抑制悬索桥颤振的物理机理

从能量的角度研究气动翼板控制悬索桥颤振的物理机理。基于弯扭二模态耦合颤振系统,分别推导了气流由主梁和一对气动翼板输入系统的能量以及结构阻尼耗散能量的表达式。以某跨海方案桥为例进行了研究,结果表明：气动翼板能有效耗散气流由主梁输入系统的能量,桥梁颤振临界风速提高达30％。     

单轴压缩下不同长度单裂隙岩体能量损伤演化机制

为探寻裂隙岩体变形破坏过程中内在的能量演化机制,基于岩石能量耗散理论和室内试验数据,研究了单轴压缩条件下单裂隙岩体变形破坏过程中各能量指标(总能量、弹性应变能及耗散能)演化规律,分析了裂隙长度变化对岩样力学特性、破坏模式、各能量指标及峰前能量突变幅度的影响规律.研究结果表明:裂隙岩体的峰值强度、峰值应变及弹性模量均随裂...     

结构-电磁激励下某电驱总成噪声控制

针对某电动汽车电驱总成的噪声问题,依据电驱总成车内噪声产生机理,进行整车状态声振特性测试,运用不同工况组合下的频谱特征和阶次特征等分析方法,识别出该电驱总成噪声问题为结构共振和电磁激励所致。针对结构共振问题,考虑电驱总成结构耦合特性、电机材料复杂多样性和线圈绕组质量,建立电驱总成有限元分析模型,求解出电驱总成的模态和振动响应,并通过敲击法模态试验得到模态参数进而对有限元模型进行验证,在此基础上以模态应变能为依据对电驱总成结构的局部刚度进行优化,提升结构共振频率,降低共振风险。针对电磁激励问题,以电驱总成中的永磁同步电机为研究对象,建立电磁仿真分析模型,以影响磁通密度的转子槽口的槽形、槽宽、槽深和槽间角度4个因素建立正交试验设计表,通过极差值得到各因素对齿槽转矩和输出转矩的影响水平,最后以降低齿槽转矩、加工工艺简单和对输出转矩影响小为目标,运用16组具有代表性的电磁方案,完成256个参数组合的寻优,并对优化方案进行了数值仿真计算。研究结果表明：优化方案的改善效果较显著;研究可为电动汽车车内噪声改善提供试验技术支持,并为电驱总成的结构共振噪声和电磁噪声控制提供方法参考。     

船闸闸室明沟形式及消能效果分析

船闸侧墙廊道闸室明沟消能工布置及消能效果的优劣,直接影响闸室内船舶所受系缆力大小及停泊安全。利用局部模型,在恒定流情况下,对侧墙廊道闸室内布置单明沟机加槛、双明沟及三明沟消能工充水过程进行试验研究;分析和比较各明沟形式的剩余比能、动能及流场分布,综合评判各形式明沟消能工的消能特性,并在整体模型上进行了试验验证。研究结果表明:三种明沟形式比较,三明沟布置消能效果最优。双明沟消能形式较单明沟消能水体增大较多,消能工布置灵活,消能空间大,水流分布亦较单明沟更为均匀,在减小闸室内横向水流对船舶作用力方面较单明沟形式优越。因此,综合比较,双明沟消能效果较单明沟要好。     

Modelling,simulation and applications of longitudinal train dynamics

ABSTRACT

Significant developments in longitudinal train simulation and an overview of the approaches to train models and modelling vehicle force inputs are firstly presented. The most important modelling task, that of the wagon connection, consisting of energy absorption devices such as draft gears and buffers, draw gear stiffness, coupler slack and structural stiffness is then presented. Detailed attention is given to the modelling approaches for friction wedge damped and polymer draft gears. A significant issue in longitudinal train dynamics is the modelling and calculation of the input forces – the co-dimensional problem. The need to push traction performances higher has led to research and improvement in the accuracy of traction modelling which is discussed. A co-simulation method that combines longitudinal train simulation, locomotive traction control and locomotive vehicle dynamics is presented. The modelling of other forces, braking propulsion resistance, curve drag and grade forces are also discussed. As extensions to conventional longitudinal train dynamics, lateral forces and coupler impacts are examined in regards to interaction with wagon lateral and vertical dynamics. Various applications of longitudinal train dynamics are then presented. As an alternative to the tradition single wagon mass approach to longitudinal train dynamics, an example incorporating fully detailed wagon dynamics is presented for a crash analysis problem. Further applications of starting traction, air braking, distributed power, energy analysis and tippler operation are also presented.     

船舶能效数据清洗方法研究

船舶能效数据清洗对于建立准确的船舶能效模型,提高船舶能效计算和分析的准确度,指导船舶节能航行具有重要意义.对船舶能效数据的故障特征进行了分析,运用阈值理论、船舶航行关联理论对故障数据进行了识别,运用插值法和灰色关联理论方法对水深、对水航速以及主机油耗数据中的异常数据进行修正,并且根据数据错误特征和数据清洗方法制定了船舶能效数据清洗流程,以内河邮轮"凯娅号"船舶上安装的船舶能效数据采集系统采集到的能效数据为研究对象,对数据清洗结果进行了分析.结果表明,水深数据修正值与实测值平均误差为1.58%,油耗数据、对水航速数据修正值与实测值平均误差为2.8%,1.5%,误差较小,能够满足后续建模以及数据挖掘等工作.     

A tyre slip-based integrated chassis control of front/rear traction distribution and four-wheel independent brake from moderate driving to limit handling

This paper presents a tyre slip-based integrated chassis control of front/rear traction distribution and four-wheel braking for enhanced performance from moderate driving to limit handling. The proposed algorithm adopted hierarchical structure: supervisor – desired motion tracking controller – optimisation-based control allocation. In the supervisor, by considering transient cornering characteristics, desired vehicle motion is calculated. In the desired motion tracking controller, in order to track desired vehicle motion, virtual control input is determined in the manner of sliding mode control. In the control allocation, virtual control input is allocated to minimise cost function. The cost function consists of two major parts. First part is a slip-based tyre friction utilisation quantification, which does not need a tyre force estimation. Second part is an allocation guideline, which guides optimally allocated inputs to predefined solution. The proposed algorithm has been investigated via simulation from moderate driving to limit handling scenario. Compared to Base and direct yaw moment control system, the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce tyre dissipation energy in the moderate driving situation. Moreover, the proposed algorithm enhances limit handling performance compared to Base and direct yaw moment control system. In addition to comparison with Base and direct yaw moment control, comparison the proposed algorithm with the control algorithm based on the known tyre force information has been conducted. The results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is similar with that of the control algorithm with the known tyre force information.     

基于车路系统的事故现场轮胎印迹强度参数化研究

为明确事故现场可视轮胎印迹强度与车辆动力学特性、轮胎橡胶磨损特征及道路表面灰度之间的关联特性,提出基于车路耦合的事故现场轮胎印迹强度参数化研究方法。通过结合动态滑动摩擦因数模型及轮胎非线性模型,建立车辆路面9 DOF非线性系统动力学模型,运用VBOX惯性测量技术验证模型的有效性。运用胎面磨损能量模型,从车路系统角度确定车辆、轮胎和路面特性对轮胎全局摩擦力及胎面磨损特性的影响。结合印迹强度特征模型提出轮胎印迹强度参数研究方法,选取不同制动、转向角工况及3组路面、胎面特性对轮胎路面接地力学特性、胎面橡胶磨损量、可视轮胎印迹特征进行仿真分析。结果表明：印迹强度仅与全局摩擦力大小有关,与轮胎路面滑移方向无关;滑移工况下胎面橡胶磨损量随着全局摩擦力和滑移速度的增大而增大,而印迹强度变化不明显;制动力矩和道路表面灰度对产生可视轮胎印迹起决定作用,转向角主要影响不规则可视轮胎印迹的产生;前轮轮胎最先出现可视印迹,且可视印迹长度和强度均高于后轮轮胎;采取可视印迹起点作为事故车辆速度判定具有一定的误差,应根据具体情况进行具体分析;研究成果能够为基于可视轮胎印迹的交通事故重建提供理论基础。     

煤直接液化残渣对沥青-集料黏附性的影响

为评价煤直接液化残渣（Direct Coal Liquefaction Residue,DCLR）对沥青与集料黏附性的影响,基于表面自由能理论,以SK-90沥青为基质沥青,以石灰岩为集料,利用躺滴法分别测试不同DCLR掺量下（0%、2%、4%、6%、8%、10%,掺量表示DCLR与SK-90质量比,下文同）改性沥青在不同老化阶段（原样、短期老化以及长期老化）的表面自由能,计算不同老化阶段不同DCLR掺量下沥青的黏聚功,以及无水和有水条件下不同DCLR掺量的改性沥青在不同老化阶段与石灰岩之间的黏附功和剥落功,并采用黏附功、黏聚功之和与剥落功的比值作为水稳定性能评价参数来评价沥青-集料间的水稳定性能。试验结果表明：DCLR加入后,随着掺量的增加会提高沥青自身的重均分子量和极性基团含量,从而提高DCLR改性沥青表面自由能中的极性分量、非极性分量以及黏聚功;DCLR改性沥青-石灰岩之间的黏附功、水稳定性能等均随着DCLR掺量的增加而逐渐增加,说明加入DCLR并增加其掺量会显著提高沥青与石灰岩之间的黏附性和水稳定性能,但沥青的老化对DCLR改性沥青-石灰岩之间的黏附性及水稳定性能影响不大。     

A bintree energy approach for colour image segmentation using adaptive channel selection

A new hierarchical approach called bintree energy segmentation was presented for color image segmentation. The image features are extracted by adaptive clustering on multi-channel data at each level and used as the criteria to dynamically select the best chromatic channel, where the segmentation is carried out. In this approach, an extended direct energy computation method based on the Chan-Vese model was proposed to segment the selected channel, and the segmentation outputs are then fused with other channels into new images, from which a new channel with better features is selected for the second round segmentation. This procedure is repeated until the preset condition is met. Finally, a binary segmentation tree is formed, in which each leaf represents a class of objects with a distinctive color. To facilitate the data organization, image background is employed in segmentation and channels fusion. The bintree energy segmentation exploits color information involved in all channels data and tries to optimize the global segmentation result by choosing the ＂best＂ channel for segmentation at each level. The experiments show that the method is effective in speed, accuracy and flexibility.